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Question # 1 In Ontario, what percentage of children and youth between the ages 4-16 suffer from some type of mental illness? The Answer? 20% Question # 2 What is the second* most common cause of death in teens? (*the #1 cause is accidental death) The Answer? Suicide Question # 3 What percentage of individuals who are depressed respond to treatment? The Answer? 80-90% Question # 4 Can you name three negative things people with mental illness or mental health difficulties might have to face? The Answer? Stigma Alienation Misunderstanding What is mental health? Mental health can be measured by how well we cope with stress, relate to others and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Mental Health Mental health relates to feeling good, both mentally and physically. When you are mentally healthy, you are generally high functioning in your thinking, behavior, and feelings. You may have your ups and downs, but your general state of being is good. Mental Health is how we… Feel – feelings, sentiments, moods, sensitivity, affection, attachment, and relationships (self and others) Think – thinking, memory, learning, language, decision making, problem solving, understanding, point of view, and relationships (self and others) Act – actions, deeds, activities, manners, conduct, performance, and relationships (self and others) Mental Health Difficulties Mental health difficulties can range from… • temporary reactions to a painful event or stress, symptoms of drug or alcohol use, lack of sleep, etc. • to more severe psychiatric conditions and mental illness, such as depression and anxiety. Factors contributing to mental health difficulties: • The environment • Personal life experiences • Your physical body Major Mental Health Problems Psychosis Mood Anxiety Personality Addiction Eating Disorders What is Psychosis? A loss of contact with reality that usually includes: • Delusions - False beliefs about what is taking place or who one is • Hallucinations - Seeing or hearing things that aren't there Treatment of Psychosis Medication Skill Building • • • • Social networks for support Medication Compliance Occupational support and job Relapse prevention / Stress Management Mental Health Disorders Mood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Personality Disorders Schizophrenia Mood disorders refer to a chemical imbalance that causes a persistent change in a person’s behavior and interferes with their daily living. An Anxiety disorder An enduring pattern is when this anxious of behaviour that feeling persists with deviates from the physiological individuals culture, symptoms and has onset in interferes with adolescence or normal functioning. early adulthood and leads to distress. A thought disorder, characterized by a history of acute psychosis and lasts for at least 6 months. Examples of mood disorders: Mania, Bi-polar, depression and seasonal affective disorder. Examples of Anxiety Disorders: Panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder. OCD Caused by changes in brain chemistry, genetics which affects thinking, perception, mood and behavoiur. Examples of personality disorders: Borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder Commonly Held Misconceptions of Mental Illness People with mental illness are always violent and dangerous People with mental illness are somehow responsible for their condition People with mental illness have nothing positive to contribute • We need to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness. • We need to develop a strong sense of understanding, empathy, compassion and tolerance Common Myths and Mental Illness Myth #1 You can always tell when someone is experiencing mental illness Fact Not all people who look or act differently are mentally ill. Some people exhibit eccentric behaviour as a matter of choice and not because of mental illness. Myth #2 Mental illnesses are long-term illnesses. Fact Mental illness is not necessarily long term. Some mentally ill people may have several episodes of mental illness in their lifetime while having long periods of healthy living in between. Myth #3 Mental illness is associated with a low level of intelligence. Fact On the contrary, people with mental illnesses are of average or above average IQ. 1) Mood Disorders Depression SAD (seasonal affective disorder) Mania Bipolar I & II Depression Low mood Anhedonia - lack of pleasure Unintentional Weight Change Insomnia or Hypersomnia Fatigue or Loss of Energy Worthlessness or Guilty Thinking problems Morbid thoughts Depression Is very common component of substance use and withdrawal, particularly alcohol, opioids, steroids and stimulants. Typically takes 4-8 weeks of clean time before substance-induced depression can be ruled out Older adults who abuse substances usually have mood disorders Depressed persons have some preference for stimulants and alcohol Mania A state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/or energy levels. In a sense, it is the opposite of depression Decreased need for sleep Talkative or fast talking Flight of ideas Distractible Excessive pleasure seeking Can be brought on by stimulant use or depressant withdrawal Bipolar I and II Both require having had at least a 2 week episode of depression and • a one week episode of mania (I) • 4 days of hypomania (II) Continuum of depression Depression Normal Sadness/ Grieving/Blues Depression Bipolar Manic Normal Depressed Treatment of Mood Disorders Medications Psychotherapy Occupational Therapy Exercise 2) Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Phobias Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Panic Attacks A discreet period (< 30minutes) reaching a peak within 10 minutes with 4 or more of … • • • • • • • • • • • Palpitations, pounding heart, or fast heart rate Sweating Trembling or shaking Shortness of breath or feeling smothered Feelings of choking Chest pain Nausea Feeling dizzy, light-headed, faint, or unsteady Fear of losing control / going crazy Numbness Chills or hot flashes Phobias Technophobia Sciophobia Decidophobia Nyctophobia Topophobia Gatophobia Hydrophobia Spermophobia Aerophobia Agoraphobia Claustrophobia Gamophobia Scholionophobia Pyrophobia - fear of technology - fear of shadows - fear of decision making - fear of nights - fear of performing (stage freight) - fear of cats - fear of water - fear of germs - fear of flying - fear of open spaces - fear of enclosed spaces - fear of marriage - fear of school - fear of fire Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 1. Person exposed to trauma 2. Event is persistently recurrently experienced • • • • Intrusive memories of event Dreams of the event Feeling as if they are reliving the event As intense distress or physiological reactivity when exposed to cues that resemble or symbolize the event 3. Avoidance of stimuli and numbing responsiveness 4. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal Anxiety Treatment Medications preferably very short-term Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Trauma therapies to reprocess memories 3) Personality Disorders Borderline Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Marked by repeated obsessions and or compulsions that are so severe that ehy interfere with everyday activities. Obsessions are disturbing, intrusive thoughts, ideas or images that cause anxiety or distress Examples are washers (fear contamination), checkers (repeatedly check things like locks, ovens, irons etc.), counters (ruled by magical thinking and superstitions, hoarders (people who can not throw things away) Therapy for Personality Disorder Medications for symptom management Psychotherapy 4) Schizophrenia A disturbance involving delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and or catatonic behaviour Delusions are false beliefs Hallucinations can be auditory, visual or any of the 5 senses It is also associated with a deterioration of a person’s ability to function at work, school and or socially It may begin in late adolescence or early adulthood Drug use may initiate this change Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa Refusal to maintain normal body weight for age & height Intense fear of weight gain Disturbance in self-evaluation of body shape and size, denial of serious of underweight Amenorrhea in postmenstrual women Bulimia Nervosa Recurrent binge eating episodes Recurrent purging to avoid weight gain Binge eating and purging occur on average, at least twice a week for 3 months Self-evaluation influenced by body shape and weight Treatment of Eating Disorders Medical stabilization Medication Individual therapy Family Therapy- several models are being researched Nutrition Education Team approach