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Psychological Disorders Personality Disorders Personality Disorders Inflexible and enduring patterns of behavior that impair one’s social functioning Cluster A: Eccentric behavior Schizoid personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior Paranoid personality disorder distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent Cluster B: Dramatic or Impulsive histrionic personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder shallow, attention-getting emotions and goes to great lengths to gain others’ praise and reassurance exaggerate their own importance, aided by success fantasies borderline personality disorder unstable identity, unstable relationships, and unstable emotions Cluster C: Anxiety Avoidant personality disorder Dependent personality disorder social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency Antisocial Personality Disorder Formerly called a sociopath or a psychopath Typically male whose lack of conscience becomes evident before age 15 “feel little and fear little” Express little regret over violating others’ rights Impulsive, uninhibited, low in anxiety A fearless approach to life Antisocial Personality Disorder Behaviors in childhood lying, stealing, fighting Behaviors in adulthood unable to keep a job irresponsible spouse and parent assaultive or otherwise criminal when combined with a sharp intellect the result may be a con artist Antisocial Personality Disorders Biological and Psychological origins Linked to lower levels of stress arousal tendency to be unconcerned with social rewards lacking a sense of social responsibility reduced activity in frontal lobe Somatoform Disorders Distressing symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical causes Conversion disorder Hypochodriasis Dissociative Disorders Disorder of consciousness in which a person appears to experience a sudden loss of memory or change in identity, often in response to an overwhelmingly stressful situation Amnesia Fugue Dissociative Identity Disorder Mood Disorders Disorders characterized by emotional extremes Major depressive disorder – prolonged hopelessness and lethargy Bi-polar disorder – alternating between depression and mania, an overexcited, hperactive state. Schizophrenia A split from reality that shows itself in disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.