Download Lesson Essential Question: Why did the city

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Unit 4: Fall of Greece Guided Notes
Please keep this packet in your World History class folder or binder.
Lesson Essential Question: How did the protection of democracy from the Persian
Empire lead to the Athenian empire?
Section 1: This section on the Persian Wars will be assigned for homework. Complete
after reading pages 171-173 in the textbook.
The Persian Wars (Page 171)
Persia ruled the ___________________ and most ___________________ empire in western world.
Persia conquered _________________________, after 20 years of Persian rule, they ________________.
Ionia asks for ___________________ from mainland Greece. _______________________ and other citystates sent ships to help. Persia puts down revolt- _____________________ (Persian king)
wanted to ______________________ mainland Greece for their role in revolt.
Battle of Marathon (Pages 171-172)
Darius sent 600 _______________________ and an ____________________________to Greece. Persians
land in _______________________________ about 26 miles north of __________________. Greek soldiers
caught Persian army off guard and ________________________ them. A _______________________ set
off to tell Athens of the great victory. Once he reached Athens, he yelled ___________________
(Greek Goddess of Victory). He then collapsed and died of ____________________________________.
This victory gave Athens _______________________________. _________________________ mines were
found near Athens- it gave Athens giving great _____________________. Athens spent the
money on ______________________________ (warships). Athens had the largest ____________________
in Greece. In 480 B.C.- _________________________ sent troops across Aegean sea and
conquered northern Greece. In an effort to stop this from happening- 20 city-states united
together to fight the ________________________. The Spartans took charge of the Greek
______________________ and the Athenians led the ______________________.
Battle of Thermopylae (Pages 172-173)
This battle took place 100 miles from _____________________. Greek soldiers held off the
Persians for 3 days which gave the people of Athens time to ________________________. This
battle featured 300 _________________________ with 700 other Greeks against a larger Persian
army. The Persians were able to find a way to kill all the soldiers and march on Athens,
which they found the city _________________________ and set it on ______________________.
Battle of Salamis (Page 173)
Greeks tricked the Persians into sailing into the narrow _________________ between Athens
and Salamis. This allowed the Greeks to attack the Persian ships a few at a time. The
Greeks successfully ____________________ the Persians- Xerxes left and returned to Asia
Battle of Plataea (Page 173)
Xerxes left a few troops _____________________ after the Battle of Salamis. In 479 B.C.- the
Greeks defeated the Persians during the __________________________and destroyed what was
left of the Persian navy.
Lesson Essential Question: Why did the city-states decline?
Section 2: This section on the Athenian Empire and the decline of the Greek city-states
will be assigned for homework. Complete after reading pages 173-176 in the textbook
with online materials.
The Athenian Empire (Pages 173-175)
Persia still controlled ___________________________. Athens suggests to other city states that
they form a __________________________or protective group. It was headquartered on island of
__________________- called the ______________________________________. _________________ did not join
league. Once you joined the league, you could not leave unless the other members
_____________________. They had a common ___________________________. Ships were built in
____________________________. Athens supplied the _________________ for the ships, but the other
city-states________________ for it. Athens gained more ________________________. Other citystates had to ask Athens _______________________________ for sailing and trade. Athens
eventually controlled ____________________________, ____________________________, and
____________________________. The Delian League had become the “________________________________”
Pericles was the _____________________ of Athens- some of the things he did for Athens:
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Made Athens beautiful by doing building projects on the ____________________________.
He built the _________________________ (temple to patron goddess of Athens, Athena).
The Delian League money __________________--- for these building projects.
Pericles built the ____________________________- allowing Athens to get supplies in times
of war.
Decline of Athens (Page 175)
The Greek city-states _______________________ the power and wealth gained by the Athenians
after the Persian Wars. After Athens attacked one of ___________________________allies, Sparta
and other Greek city-states to declared _____________________ on Athens. This war is known
as the ___________________________. The conflict ended when__________________________
surrendered to Sparta in 404 B.C.
The Aftermath of the War (Pages 175-176)
A plague during the Peloponnesian War in __________________ led to the loss of more than ¼
of its population. The land was also _________________ and many young Athenian men joined
the Persian army as ___________________________ (hired soldiers). The ruling Spartans set up
an _________________________ in Athens with 30 _________________________ selected to rule.
Although the Athenians later __________________ against Sparta and set up another
______________________, they never regained the power they once had in Greece. The
Peloponnesian War cost the Greeks money and resources. The Spartans were
_________________ rulers and made the other Greeks ___________________. _________________ (citystate) led a revolt and overthrew Spartan rule. The Greeks were too weak to fight off
foreign invaders. In 338 B.C. ______________________ of Macedonia conquered Greece.
Lesson Essential Question: How did Philip II and Alexander help to influence the
spread Greek culture?
Section 3: This section will be completed as part of a group discussion.
The Hellenistic Period (Page 193)
The Greek __________________________lost their independence. New leaders built an
_______________ that spread Greek culture and customs including the language and
architecture throughout the Mediterranean world. This is called the _________________________
period- it means to be like the Hellenes or __________________.
Philip II (Pages 193-195)
He became Greece’s new _______________________ in 338 B.C. He came from ________________, a
region north of Greece. Philip was held hostage for 3 years in __________________________,
where he learned to love ___________________ culture. He disliked the __________________ he saw
in Greek government. He wanted to _____________________ all the Greek city-states and spread
Greek culture. Once he became ruler of Macedonia, it took _________________ years to reach
this goal.
How Philip did this:
• Turned army into a ____________________________________ army
• Infantry formation called the ____________________________
• Armed soldiers with 14 feet long ___________________________
• Gave local Greek officials __________________ as bribes, caused ________________ among
them- making them weak, then he would move in and _____________________ them
• Made _____________________ but broke them as soon as Greeks let down their guard
• He saw marriages as ways of forming political ___________________- he married 6 or 7
times because of this
Demosthenes (Page 195)
He was an Athenian __________________(public speaker). He tries to warn __________________
that Philip was dangerous and not to be trusted. Many Greeks were ____________________
with local governments and felt Philip would make ______________________________. Philip
_________________ central Greece in 338 B.C. Greeks raise army to _________________ Philip, but
the Greeks are easily ________________________. Philip prepares a campaign against
___________________, but is __________________ in 336 B.C., some say he was murdered. Philip’s
son Alexander takes the _____________________________.
Alexander the Great (Pages 195-197)
He became ruler at age 20 after his _____________________ death. He was a student of
______________________. He crushed Persian Empire, went as far east as _____________________. His
empire covered more than __________________ miles from the ________________to
____________________ Rivers. He wanted to ______________ the Macedonians, Greeks and
Persians. Alexander took Persians into his ________________, married a Persian _______________,
and followed Persian __________________________. Alexander claimed he was a __________________
and wanted people to treat him that way. The Greeks and Macedonians __________________ to
do that. The Greeks objected to equal __________________ for the Persians, they did not
___________________ those who did not speak Greek or follow Greek _______________________.
However, the Greeks were able to have contact with other ____________________ such as Egypt
and Babylon. Alexander founded 16 cities which were called ___________________________. He
founded over 70 cities total during his ____________________________. The most famous was
_______________________in ___________________________.
Alexandria (Pages 197-198)
Alexandria had ______________harbors. There was also a _________________, called Pharos, that
was considered one of the 7 ______________________________of the World. There was also a
Library that had works from _________________ Greek writers of the time. Alexandria was a
center of ___________________ and _____________________. There was a famous school called the
___________________ was a center for poets, writers, philosophers, and scientists. Other
famous _________________ such as Euclid, Eratosthenes, and Archimedes did their work there.
End of Empire (Pages 198-199)
Alexander became __________ and died at age 33 in 323 B.C. Fighting then broke out over
the control of the empire. Eventually, the empire was ___________________ between 3 of
Alexander’s generals. Ptomely took ________________, Seleucus took _______________, Antigonus
took over __________________. Athens and Sparta once again became _________________________
during this time. Trade also expanded and Greek culture continued to develop. Each city
state had its regained its political _____________________________. However, by 146 B.C. Greece
was under ________________________ control.