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Name _________________________________________________________________________________________ Period _____________ Unit 4: Fall of Greece Guided Notes Please keep this packet in your World History class folder or binder. Lesson Essential Question: How did the protection of democracy from the Persian Empire lead to the Athenian empire? Section 1: This section on the Persian Wars will be assigned for homework. Complete after reading pages 171-173 in the textbook. The Persian Wars (Page 171) Persia ruled the ___________________ and most ___________________ empire in western world. Persia conquered _________________________, after 20 years of Persian rule, they ________________. Ionia asks for ___________________ from mainland Greece. _______________________ and other citystates sent ships to help. Persia puts down revolt- _____________________ (Persian king) wanted to ______________________ mainland Greece for their role in revolt. Battle of Marathon (Pages 171-172) Darius sent 600 _______________________ and an ____________________________to Greece. Persians land in _______________________________ about 26 miles north of __________________. Greek soldiers caught Persian army off guard and ________________________ them. A _______________________ set off to tell Athens of the great victory. Once he reached Athens, he yelled ___________________ (Greek Goddess of Victory). He then collapsed and died of ____________________________________. This victory gave Athens _______________________________. _________________________ mines were found near Athens- it gave Athens giving great _____________________. Athens spent the money on ______________________________ (warships). Athens had the largest ____________________ in Greece. In 480 B.C.- _________________________ sent troops across Aegean sea and conquered northern Greece. In an effort to stop this from happening- 20 city-states united together to fight the ________________________. The Spartans took charge of the Greek ______________________ and the Athenians led the ______________________. Battle of Thermopylae (Pages 172-173) This battle took place 100 miles from _____________________. Greek soldiers held off the Persians for 3 days which gave the people of Athens time to ________________________. This battle featured 300 _________________________ with 700 other Greeks against a larger Persian army. The Persians were able to find a way to kill all the soldiers and march on Athens, which they found the city _________________________ and set it on ______________________. Battle of Salamis (Page 173) Greeks tricked the Persians into sailing into the narrow _________________ between Athens and Salamis. This allowed the Greeks to attack the Persian ships a few at a time. The Greeks successfully ____________________ the Persians- Xerxes left and returned to Asia Battle of Plataea (Page 173) Xerxes left a few troops _____________________ after the Battle of Salamis. In 479 B.C.- the Greeks defeated the Persians during the __________________________and destroyed what was left of the Persian navy. Lesson Essential Question: Why did the city-states decline? Section 2: This section on the Athenian Empire and the decline of the Greek city-states will be assigned for homework. Complete after reading pages 173-176 in the textbook with online materials. The Athenian Empire (Pages 173-175) Persia still controlled ___________________________. Athens suggests to other city states that they form a __________________________or protective group. It was headquartered on island of __________________- called the ______________________________________. _________________ did not join league. Once you joined the league, you could not leave unless the other members _____________________. They had a common ___________________________. Ships were built in ____________________________. Athens supplied the _________________ for the ships, but the other city-states________________ for it. Athens gained more ________________________. Other citystates had to ask Athens _______________________________ for sailing and trade. Athens eventually controlled ____________________________, ____________________________, and ____________________________. The Delian League had become the “________________________________” Pericles was the _____________________ of Athens- some of the things he did for Athens: Made Athens beautiful by doing building projects on the ____________________________. He built the _________________________ (temple to patron goddess of Athens, Athena). The Delian League money __________________--- for these building projects. Pericles built the ____________________________- allowing Athens to get supplies in times of war. Decline of Athens (Page 175) The Greek city-states _______________________ the power and wealth gained by the Athenians after the Persian Wars. After Athens attacked one of ___________________________allies, Sparta and other Greek city-states to declared _____________________ on Athens. This war is known as the ___________________________. The conflict ended when__________________________ surrendered to Sparta in 404 B.C. The Aftermath of the War (Pages 175-176) A plague during the Peloponnesian War in __________________ led to the loss of more than ¼ of its population. The land was also _________________ and many young Athenian men joined the Persian army as ___________________________ (hired soldiers). The ruling Spartans set up an _________________________ in Athens with 30 _________________________ selected to rule. Although the Athenians later __________________ against Sparta and set up another ______________________, they never regained the power they once had in Greece. The Peloponnesian War cost the Greeks money and resources. The Spartans were _________________ rulers and made the other Greeks ___________________. _________________ (citystate) led a revolt and overthrew Spartan rule. The Greeks were too weak to fight off foreign invaders. In 338 B.C. ______________________ of Macedonia conquered Greece. Lesson Essential Question: How did Philip II and Alexander help to influence the spread Greek culture? Section 3: This section will be completed as part of a group discussion. The Hellenistic Period (Page 193) The Greek __________________________lost their independence. New leaders built an _______________ that spread Greek culture and customs including the language and architecture throughout the Mediterranean world. This is called the _________________________ period- it means to be like the Hellenes or __________________. Philip II (Pages 193-195) He became Greece’s new _______________________ in 338 B.C. He came from ________________, a region north of Greece. Philip was held hostage for 3 years in __________________________, where he learned to love ___________________ culture. He disliked the __________________ he saw in Greek government. He wanted to _____________________ all the Greek city-states and spread Greek culture. Once he became ruler of Macedonia, it took _________________ years to reach this goal. How Philip did this: • Turned army into a ____________________________________ army • Infantry formation called the ____________________________ • Armed soldiers with 14 feet long ___________________________ • Gave local Greek officials __________________ as bribes, caused ________________ among them- making them weak, then he would move in and _____________________ them • Made _____________________ but broke them as soon as Greeks let down their guard • He saw marriages as ways of forming political ___________________- he married 6 or 7 times because of this Demosthenes (Page 195) He was an Athenian __________________(public speaker). He tries to warn __________________ that Philip was dangerous and not to be trusted. Many Greeks were ____________________ with local governments and felt Philip would make ______________________________. Philip _________________ central Greece in 338 B.C. Greeks raise army to _________________ Philip, but the Greeks are easily ________________________. Philip prepares a campaign against ___________________, but is __________________ in 336 B.C., some say he was murdered. Philip’s son Alexander takes the _____________________________. Alexander the Great (Pages 195-197) He became ruler at age 20 after his _____________________ death. He was a student of ______________________. He crushed Persian Empire, went as far east as _____________________. His empire covered more than __________________ miles from the ________________to ____________________ Rivers. He wanted to ______________ the Macedonians, Greeks and Persians. Alexander took Persians into his ________________, married a Persian _______________, and followed Persian __________________________. Alexander claimed he was a __________________ and wanted people to treat him that way. The Greeks and Macedonians __________________ to do that. The Greeks objected to equal __________________ for the Persians, they did not ___________________ those who did not speak Greek or follow Greek _______________________. However, the Greeks were able to have contact with other ____________________ such as Egypt and Babylon. Alexander founded 16 cities which were called ___________________________. He founded over 70 cities total during his ____________________________. The most famous was _______________________in ___________________________. Alexandria (Pages 197-198) Alexandria had ______________harbors. There was also a _________________, called Pharos, that was considered one of the 7 ______________________________of the World. There was also a Library that had works from _________________ Greek writers of the time. Alexandria was a center of ___________________ and _____________________. There was a famous school called the ___________________ was a center for poets, writers, philosophers, and scientists. Other famous _________________ such as Euclid, Eratosthenes, and Archimedes did their work there. End of Empire (Pages 198-199) Alexander became __________ and died at age 33 in 323 B.C. Fighting then broke out over the control of the empire. Eventually, the empire was ___________________ between 3 of Alexander’s generals. Ptomely took ________________, Seleucus took _______________, Antigonus took over __________________. Athens and Sparta once again became _________________________ during this time. Trade also expanded and Greek culture continued to develop. Each city state had its regained its political _____________________________. However, by 146 B.C. Greece was under ________________________ control.