Download Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid Disorders
Endocrine Glands
 Collection of glands that secrete hormones directly
into the bloodstream.
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Adrenal glands, parathyroid glands, pancreas, pineal gland,
pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, thymus gland, thyroid gland
Thyroid Gland
(Hormone.org, 2012)
Figure 12-7: Effects of thyroxine.
(Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, Mulvhill, 2010)
Thyroid
 TSH
 T3
 T4
 Disruption of hormones
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(NIDDK, 2006)
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
 One of the most common hyperthyroid disorders
 Graves’ Disease
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More common in women than men
Hyperthyroid Symptoms
 Exophthalmos
 Profuse perspiration
 Hand tremors
 Goiter
 Weight loss
 Nervousness/excitability
 Rapid pulse
 Polydipsia
 Diarrhea
 Insomnia
Insert Figure 12-9: Thyroid goiter. (Newscom)
(Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, Mulvhill, 2010)
Hypothyroidism
 Most common type of hypothyroidism
 Hashimoto’s Disease
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The thyroid doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone
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Symptoms:
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Fatigue, mental depression, feeling cold, weight gain, dry skin and
hair, constipation, menstrual irregularities
Thyroid Cancer
 Most people have no symptoms
 4 types:
 Papillary – slow growing – easily treated – rarely fatal
 Follicular – again slow growing – rarely fatal
 Medullary – less common – more aggressive
 Anaplastic – least common – most aggressive
Addison’s Disease
 Adrenal Insufficiency

Adrenal glands cannot
produce enough cortisol
• OR

Pituitary gland fails to
produce enouch
adrenocorticotropin
(ACTH)
 Symptoms:
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Chronic, worsening
fatigue
Muscle weakness
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Nausea/vomiting
Diarrhea
Craving for salty foods
Low blood glucose
Headache
Cushing’s Syndrome
 Caused by prolonged exposure of the body’s tissues
to high levels of the hormone cortisol.
 Relatively rare but risk factors:
 Obesity
 Type 2 diabetes
 High blood pressure
Cushing’s Syndrome
 Signs & Symptoms:
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Rounded face
Upper body obesity
Increased neck fat
Bruise easily / poor
healing
Weakened bones
Fatigue
Increased thirst/urination
Irritability / anxiety /
depression
(NIDDK, 2006)
Insert Figure 12-11: A patient with Cushing’s syndrome (A) before and (B) after
receiving treatment. (Sharmyn McGraw)
(Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, Mulvhill, 2010)
Treatments
 Medication
 Radioactive Iodine
 Surgery
 Prevention??