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Transcript
4 The endocrine system Endocrine glands release __________ into the bloodstream… …Hormones regulate growth, metabolism, sexual development and behavior, and other functions. The Endocrine System • The Endocrine System is the body’s “slow” chemical communication system. • Communication is carried out by hormones Hormones Neurotransmitter The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones • Hormones – chemical messengers in the bloodstream – Pulsatile release (several times per day in brief bursts) by endocrine glands – Negative feedback system (levels of hormones increase until signals are sent to glands to stop secretion of that hormone) • Endocrine glands: – Pituitary – “master gland,” growth hormone – Thyroid – metabolic rate – Adrenal – salt and carbohydrate metabolism – Pancreas – sugar metabolism – Gonads – sex hormones Hormones • Hormones are chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the bloodstream. – Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body. • For example, epinephrine (adrenaline) increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar, and feelings of excitement during emergency situations. Endocrine System • Why is the pituitary gland called the “master gland”? Review • Can you remember feeling an extended period of discomfort after some particularly stressful event? How long did those feelings last? Why?
