Download Nervous System Anatomy: Spinal Cord

Nervous System Anatomy: Neuron
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Neuron
 Soma
 Dendrites
 Axon
 Axolemma
 Axoplasm
 Axon Terminal
 Synaptic End Bulb
 Axon Hillock
 Trigger Zone
 Schwann Cell
 Myelin Sheath
 Node of Ranvier
Nervous System Anatomy: Spinal Cord
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Gray Matter
White Matter
Meninges
 Dura Mater (Outer)
 Subdural Space
 Arachnoid Mater
 Subarachnoid
Space
 Denticulate
Ligaments
 Pia Mater (Inner)
Nervous System Anatomy: Spinal Cord
Nervous System Anatomy: Spinal Cord
Nervous System Anatomy: Spinal Nerves
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Plexuses
 Cervical
 8 Nerve Pairs
 Brachial
 8 Nerves
 Lumbar
 5 Nerve Pairs
 Sacral
 5 Nerve Pairs
Thoracic Nerves
 12 Pairs
Coccygeal Nerves
 1 Nerve Pair
Nervous System Anatomy: Spinal Column
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Horns: Gray & White, Anterior & Posterior
Commisures: Gray & White, Anterior & Posterior
Roots: Ventral & Dorsal
Fissures & Sulci: Ventral & Dorsal
Columns: Lateral, Anterior & Posterior
Central Canal
Nervous System Anatomy
• Ventral & Dorsal Ramus
• Rami Communicantes
Nervous System Anatomy
Nervous System Anatomy
Nervous System Anatomy
• Most major nerves occur on
both right and left sides
• Most major nerves carry both
motor and sensory information,
although they may be mostly
one or the other
• Phrenic n.
 Innervates the diaphragm
 Emerges C3 - C5
 Damage to the spinal cord
above this point causes
respiratory failure
• Supraclavicular n.
 Deep to the platysma
 Innervates skin in the neck,
shoulder, & upper chest
Cervical Plexus
Nervous System Anatomy
• Axillary n.
 Innervates deltoid
& teres minor
• Suprascapular n.
 Innervates
supraspinatus &
infraspinatus
Brachial Plexus
Nervous System Anatomy
• Radial n.
 Innervates extensors
of arm & forearm
• Median n.
 Innervates flexors of
forearm
• Ulnar n.
 Innervates flexors of
wrist & hand
• Musculocutaneous n.
 Innervates
coracobrachialis, biceps
brachii, & brachialis
Brachial Plexus
Nervous System Anatomy
Lumbar Plexus
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Genitofemoral n.
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Ilioinguinal n.
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Femoral n.
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Saphenous n.
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Obturator n.
 Innervates skin over
genitals & thighs
 Innervates skin over
genitals & thighs
 Innervates flexors of
thigh & extensors of leg
 Branch of the Femoral n.
 Innervates skin over
medial surface of leg
 Innervates adductors of
leg
Nervous System Anatomy
Sacral Plexus
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Pudendal n.
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Sciatic n.
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Tibial n.
 Innervates muscles of the
perineum & skin of the
genitals
 Largest nerve in the body
 Splits into tibial & common
peroneal nerves
 Innervates hamstrings &
adductors
 Splits into lateral & medial
plantar nerves
 Innervates gastrocnemius,
soleus & other lower leg
muscles
Nervous System Anatomy
Sacral Plexus
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Common peroneal n.
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Sural n.
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Medial & Lateral Plantar nn.
 Splits into superficial &
deep peroneal nerves
 Also known as the common
fibular nerve
 Innervates tibialis
anterior, peroneus
(fibularis) longus & brevis,
& other muscles of the
lower leg & foot
 Formed from branches of
the Tibial & Common
Peroneal nn.
 Innervates skin of lower
leg & foot
 Innervate muscles of the
foot
Nervous System Anatomy
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The trigeminal nerve
is Cranial Nerve V
 Largest cranial
nerve, with three
major divisions
 Many branches that
provide somatic
sensory information
from the head &
face
 Also has motor
output to muscles
of mastication
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Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve
(Cranial Nerve V)
Infraorbital n.
Supraorbital n.
Lingual n.
Mental n.
Nervous System Anatomy
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Sensory and motor fibers travel along “highways” (tracts) in the spinal cord
Sensory and motor tracts are landmarks for diagnosis & treatment of spinal
cord damage