Download Intro to Human Anatomy

Intro to Human Anatomy
Chapter 1
What’s the Difference?
ANATOMY
PHYSIOLOGY
Which has more new discoveries?
Anatomy or Physiology?
• To send a nerve impulse, sodium and potassium
ions must switch places in the cell
• The human tailbone is a fusion of multiple
vertebrae
• When the bicep muscle contracts, it pulls on
tendons and ligaments which move the lower arm
Homeostasis
• Maintaining a stable
internal
environment
• Organ systems
function to maintain
homeostasis
– Examples?
Homeostasis
• Homeostatic mechanisms work by:
1. Having a set point (normal, balanced)
2. Receptors in the body detect deviations or
stimulus
•
Increase or decrease past the set point
3. Trigger a set of events to bring the situation
back to normal
Blood Sugar Regulation
Homeostasis
• NEGATIVE FEEDBACK – Correction occurs
opposite direction of stimulus
– Examples:
• Body temp rises; cooling mechanisms activated
• Body temp drops; heating mechanisms activated
– Other examples?
Homeostasis
• POSITIVE FEEDBACK - Stimulus amplifies
response in the same direction
– Examples:
• Chemicals present in a blood clot lead to more clotting
• A baby drinking mother’s milk causes more milk
production
• Pressure in the uterus during childbirth leads to
stronger contractions
Homeostasis
• VITAL SIGNS
– A measure of homeostasis
– Indicate that someone is alive
• What is measured in a test of vital signs?
Organization of the Body
• Lots of vocabulary to describe the body
– Why?
• Allows doctors to communicate as clearly as possible
– Which would you rather hear as a surgeon?
• “It hurts in the left upper side of my chest.”
• “I’m having pain in the left lateral pleural cavity,
superior to the heart.”
Organization of the Body
• Many body cavities lined by membranes
PARIETAL –
lines body cavity
VISCERAL –
covers organ
Organization of the Body
• Always refer to body
in ANATOMICAL
POSITION
– Face forward
– Palms forward
– Note: Right and left
refer to the patient
Organization of the Body
• To observe
different sections,
we cut the body
along various
imaginary planes
– SAGITTAL (median)
– FRONTAL (coronal)
– TRANSVERSE
(horizontal)
Organization of the Body
What does this mean?
The lesion is located in the
right thorax just lateral to
the mid-sagittal plane.