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French Revolution World History Chp. 7 Adv. World History Chp. 3 Bell Ringer • Why have people in the past struggle for their rights? Objective • Explain how the French Revolution led France to develop a constitutional monarchy to democratic dictator to the Napoleonic empire Quote • "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness.” • By Charles Dickens • Tale of Two Cities Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Maximilien Robespierre Old Regime • Old regime still remained • France divided into 3 social classes called estates Palace of Versailles Palace of Versailles Queen’s Bedroom The Three Estates • 1st estate is clergy – are from catholic church own 10% of land and paid a small tax • 2nd estate is nobility – is 2% of population but own 20% of land and paid no taxes • 3rd estate is everyone else – 97% of population. Divided into 3 classes bourgeoisie, workers, & peasants (80% of population and paid the most taxes). Problems in France • Ideas of Enlightenment • Economic troubles – heavy taxes, bad weather and crop shortages, giving money towards American revolution • Weak leader – indecisive Beginning of Revolution • Meeting of EstatesGeneral called and 3rd estate wanted more say & power in govt. and called themselves National Assembly • 3 days later 3rd estate was locked out of meeting. They went to a tennis court and pledged to reform govt. & have constitution (Tennis Court Oath). Estates-General Question • What is the difference between a revolt and a revolution? Storming of Bastille • Rumors of troops to kill citizens • Mob stormed a French prison (Bastille) • Start of revolution Revolution Reforms of the Assembly • Adopted Declaration of the Rights of Man – declared all men are free and equal before the law • Took lands from church and priest/clergy must be elected by ppl. • Limited constitutional monarchy National Convention • 1791 new govt. elected • Abolished the monarchy and declares France a republic • All male citizens can vote and hold public office • Radical groups started to take control and mobs are common Death of King Louis XVI • King Louis XVI tried and convicted of treason • He is sentenced to death and beheaded Struggle for Power • Threats from mobs and foreign enemies cause power struggle in govt. • Maximilien Robespierre gains power & establish the republic of virtue • Wipes out all trace of monarchy and church Reign of Terror • Robespierre becomes leader of the Committee for Public Safety • Committee decided who were enemies of the state and had them excuted • Robespierre became a dictator and his rule became known as the reign of terror Victims of Terror • About 400,000 were excuted by guillotine • Marie Antoinette was beheaded • Even those who started the revolution were put to death for not being radical enough End of Reign of Terror • No one was safe from Robespierre • National Convention turn on Robespierre and sentence him to death • Form a new govt. called the Directory • Napoleon Bonaparte is put in charge of France’s military Question • Do you think changes in the French govt. were inevitable? • Inevitable means incapable of being avoided or evaded