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French Revolution Part 2 Reform, Radicals, and Reaction Made with Love Ms. Clyde This is the Bloody One Revolution’s National Assembly August 4th, 1789, the National Assembly got rid of tax exemptions, titles, obligatory labor on roads, and the payment of “dues” New Slogan LIBERTY, EQUALITY, and FRATERNIT Y Declaration of Rights of Man Adopted on August 27th, 1789 stated that all men are born and remain free and equal in rights The aim of all political association is the preservation of natural rights of man Rights of Man included liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression Includes equal justice, and freedom of speech and religion Church and State Church was seen as oppositional to the Revolution Assembly took over church property onNovember 2, 1789. Assembly sold church property to pay for government debt Priest had to be elected and paid by the state Great Escape Louis the XVI knew he was in danger and he tried to escape to Austria with his family He was captured right before the border His enemy’s thought he was a traitor for escaping Constitution of 1791 New Constitution allowed the Assembly the power to create French Law and declare war King Louis XVI signed the Constitution even though he did not want to Gave all power to the Assembly Revolution Divides Radicals wanted sweeping changes giving all power to the people, They sat on the left side of the room, hence “Radical Left” Conservatives wanted few changes in government. They liked the monarchy and “privileged” classes, they sat on the right side of the room, hence the term, “conservative right” Moderates- wanted change but not as much as the radicals, called centrist, sat in the middle War and Chaos Monarch’s of Europe thought the same kind of Revolution that France had could happen to them They sent army’s to destroy the French revolution Prussian (German) and Austrian forces invaded France in July 1792 in the hopes to help King Louis the XVI regain his throne Threatened mass destruction if anyone from the royal family was harmed Foreign Threats The Revolutionaries reacted by throwing the royal family in a stone tower They killed many royalist, former nobility and clergy, this way, there can be no “going back” The French “People’s Army” barely won King was officially deposed and a new legislative body of revolutionaries called the Convention was elected Radical Rule and Terror The Convention was ruled by a radical group called the “Jacobins” The radical “Jacobin” named Robespierre took over power, they wanted to eliminate EVERY TRACE of France’s feudal past To Kill a King King Louis the XVI was tried for treason and killed by the “Guillotine”. The new modern, humane way to kill someone by cutting off their head Peasants were horrified by the killing of the King Many countrymen did not believe the government had much control outside of Paris Committee of Public Safety Robespierre headed up the “Committee of Public Safety” to determine who was an enemy of the revolution. They would try them in the morning and kill them by guillotine in the afternoon People would come to watch the deaths of the people considered “Enemy of the State” Robespierre was “Incorruptible” He was a good public speaker thought it was everyones duty to detest and dispose of tyrants and traitors wanted people to help the unfortunate and respect the weak, and to defend the oppressed behave with justice towards all men Reign of Terror Robespierre ruled from July 1793-July 1794 Anyone suspected of being an enemy of the Revolution was guillotine Even others that questioned Robespierre’s leadership were killed Thousands of Parisians were killed. 40,000 were killed through out the country Many were poor urban workers the revolution tried to help End of Terror By July 1794, the members of the National Convention felt threatened by Robespierre. To save themselves, they turned on Robespierre and guillotined him, shouting, “Down with the Tyrant” Reaction The French had grown tired of the destructive “excesses” of terror Many French reacted against the chaos and tyranny of radical Jacobin’s rule In 1795, they wrote a new constitution New Constitution Called for a two body legislature and a five man executive known as “directory” to lead the French Nation The directory was made up of moderates