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广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Chapter 1 Introduction Learning objectives: 1. To comprehend the connotation and denotation of Marketing. 2. To master the evolvement and development of the concept of tourism marketing. 3. To comprehend the marketing mix 4ps, 6ps, 11ps ; 4CS; 4RS 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Discussion:What is Market ? place for the commodity exchange for consumer summation of all kinds of supply demand relations in economics for salesman demand of the consumers 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Section 1. The Outline of Tourism Market 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅰ. Market Purchasing desire The inscape of market Market=Population*Purchasing power*Purchasing desire =Customer Purchasing desire Population 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅱ.The Concept of Marketing Necessity: necessities for human beings’ living Desire: the desire of getting what one wants Demand: the ability and wish for purchasing commodities Product: anything that can satisfy a certain demand or desire Value: =benefit utility/cost price Exchange: one of the four methods of obtaining products Market: all the potential consumers of a certain product Marketing: the promotion and creation of the social process of exchanging 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 what is marketing? Please give your own opinions of this question. 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅲ. Marketing 1. Definition: It is a social and managerial process in which an individual person or a group obtains what they need or desire by creating and exchanging the products and value. Need Product Value 桂 林 工 Market Exchange 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 2.Three Connotations of Marketing (1)Consumers’ demand-oriented. (2)A process to accomplish enterprise’s assignments by a series of marketing management activities such as marketing research, marketing plan, and marketing execution and control, etc. (3)Marketing has a wide area of application. It’s not only applied in products and workforce needed by market but also in the marketing of ideas, concepts and persons. 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 3.The Flow Chart of Marketing Design Information Feedback Pre-production Production Administrator activities process Customer Consuming process After sale activities Sphere of production Sphere of circulation 桂 林 工 学 After-sale Service Plan Sphere of consumption 院 旅 游 学 院 Information Tracing Research and study 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Chapter 2 Tourism Marketing Mix Strategies Ⅰ.The Stages of Tourism Marketing Mix Strategies development 1. Stage 1: In the 50s, Neil Borden “Marketing Mix ” Production plan, pricing, brand, channel of supply and marketing, salesmen, advertising, promotion, package, display, support, physical distribution, market research 2. Stage 2: In the 60s, McCarthy “4Ps” production ;price ;channel ;promotion 3. Stage 2: In the 90s, “4Cs” 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅱ. Product Strategies The starting point of the “4 Ps” Product Includes physical unit, package, warranty, service, brand, image, and value 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅲ. Pricing Strategies The most flexible of the “4 Ps” Price Price X Units Sold = Total Revenue 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅳ. Promotion Strategies Role is to bring about exchanges with target markets Promotion Includes integration of personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, and public relations 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅴ. Distribution (Place) Strategies Product availability where and when customers want them. Place Involves all activities from raw materials to finished products. 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅵ. 4 Ps and 4 Cs 4Cs 4Ps Product Customer Price Cost Place Convenience Promotion Communication 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅶ. 11P strategy 6P=4P+ power+ public relation 10P=6P+ probing+ partitioning+ prioritizing+ positioning 11P=10P+ people 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Chapter 3 The Concept of Tourism Marketing 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅰ. Production Orientation to increase production to raise productivity to reduce cost to achieve scale economy 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅱ.Product Orientation high quality, strong function various features, up-to-date design improving the products’ quality developing high-quality products 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Discussion: “Marketing Myopia” : Let the customers adapt to the products, but not make the products to meet the requirements of the customers; Pay great attention to products and less attention to customers’ demand. Chinese sayings: “Good wine needs no bush” “ A princess never worries about her marriage” 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 For example: Though at half-price, a deluxe hotel still cannot win customers The “Marketing Myopia” is widely existing in the jointfunded hotels, especially in the countries where the tourism is highly developed. In some deluxe hotels, all the metal articles in the washroom, even the drain of the presidential suites are gold-plated. As a result, the suites of the hotels are not highly utilized, while some tourists still cannot find the right hotel. 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅲ. Promotion Orientation customers are passive to resist buying or be unaware of buying the enterprise must carry on sales promotion 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅵ. Marketing Orientation Customers-oriented: “Proceed from the need of the customers”, “Customers are God” Rule 1: the customers are all always right; Rule 2: please reread rule 1 if the customers make any mistakes. The key of obtaining the most profit and achieve the objectives of the enterprise lies in: Focusing on the customers’ need and providing more effective services to satisfy the customers. 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 The Differences between Promotion and Marketing starting point center enterprise product market mode goal sales promotion getting profit by increasing sales Concept of Promotion customers’ need coordination marketing getting profit by satisfying customers' need Concept of Marketing 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅴ. Society Marketing Orientation The enterprises should pay attention to the long-term benefit of the customers and long-term welfare of the society while Enterprise’s satisfying the benefit customers’ need. 桂 林 工 Customers’ satisfaction Balance Public interests of the society 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅵ. A Summary of All the Orientations Concept Time Orientation Application Production 20 s 50s 50s 60s 80s producer Shortage/high cost Product Promotion Marketing Society Marketing 桂 producer Monopoly fields producer Guiding products customer All the fields customer All the fields 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Ⅶ. A New Concept of Tourism Marketing 1.Tourism E-Marketing Based on the technology of Internet, the enterprises shall take marketing activities by providing better products and services for the tourists through direct contact with the potential tourists on the Internet. 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 2. Green Tourism Marketing Eco-environment Marketing: consciousness of environmental protection, returning to nature. For example: Green Hotel: Green stands for nonpollution. 1. Implementing the rubbish recycling 2. Developing green food 3. Saving energy and resources 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 3. Tourism Service Marketing The concept of tourism service marketing is developing with the rising and developing of service industry. Pay attention to the following factors while doing tourism service marketing: •Role of human being; •Environment; •Process; •Brand. 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 4.Touism Culture Marketing Culture marketing actually refers to the marketing activities which make full use of the power of culture to achieve the enterprises’ strategic objectives. For example: A huge amount of ¥150 billion is invested and fixed on 500 or 600 different Theme Parks, in which only 30% survive, and just 50 of which are well developed. The so-called “True Orient Disneyland ” in Wujiang city, which cost 0.8 billion, closed just one year after its opening. 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 5. Tourism Relation Marketing Connotation: Relation marketing is an activity in which the key members——tourists, suppliers, and distributors establish long and satisfying relations, aiming to keep longterm business relations. Measures: Making up files for customers of hotels and travel agents. Providing satisfying services. Making total quality control. Operating honestly. 桂 林 工 学 院 旅 游 学 院 邮编 541004 广 西 高 校 教 育 技 术 应 用 课 程 Modes of marketing Items Transaction Marketing Core concept exchange to establish long-term relations Focus of the enterprise short-term interests long-term interests The relation between enterprise and customers unreliable reliable Opinions towards the price main competing resort not the main competing resort Emphasis of the enterprise market share “once-for-all deal” is ok repeat customer rate, customers’ faithfulness The pursuit of marketing management one-side win double win Market risk high 桂 林 工 学 Relation Marketing 院 旅 low 游 学 院 邮编 541004