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Evolution Unit Test 2015 Ch 16-19, non-honors/14-17 honors Students should be able to… 1. Describe what the Theory of Evolution states. 2. Name the person who developed this theory & describe how he developed it. 3. Define the following and give an example of each. Species, Population, and Natural selection 4. Describe what the Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) law states and list the five conditions. 5. Determine allele frequencies. Honors only. 6. Describe how fossils and strata provide evidence for the theory of evolution 7. Determine the age of rocks and fossils using radioactive dating. 8. Describe an example of homologous structures and vestigial structures. Explain how they provide evidence of evolution. 9. Explain how development and molecules provide evidence of evolution. 10. Interpret and develop a cladogram. 11. List the traits of biota. 12. Classify organisms based on the traits of each Kingdom. Who am I? Similarities in Early Development • If populations accumulate change over time organisms… • Then organisms should develop similarily if they share a common ancestor. Who am I? Who am I? Who am I? Are they similar to us????? http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=a7XuXi3mqYM Molecular Evidence IF CHANGE accumulates in a POPULATION over TIME… THEN organisms with close common ancestors should share more molecules, such as DNA. Human (H) and Chimp (C) DNA Percentage sequence divergence between humans and other hominids[4] Locus Alu elements Non-coding (Chr. Y) Pseudogenes (autosomal) Pseudogenes (Chr. X) Noncoding (autosomal) Genes (Ks) Introns Xq13.3 Subtotal for X chromosome Genes (Ka) Human-Chimp 2 Human-Gorilla - Human-Orangutan - 1.68 ± 0.19 2.33 ± 0.2 5.63 ± 0.35 1.64 ± 0.10 1.87 ± 0.11 - 1.47 ± 0.17 - - 1.24 ± 0.07 1.62 ± 0.08 3.08 ± 0.11 1.11 0.93 ± 0.08 0.92 ± 0.10 1.48 1.23 ± 0.09 1.42 ± 0.12 2.98 3.00 ± 0.18 1.16 ± 0.07 1.47 ± 0.08 - 0.8 0.93 1.96 Assignment: Must do both for the exceeds level Meets Complete cytochrome C comparison handout. . Exceeds Find the name of the developmental genes that all vertebrates share. Describe at least one of these developmental genes. Be sure to include its purpose in development. HONORS Assignment: Must do both for the exceeds level. Meets Find the name of the developmental genes that all vertebrates share. Complete cytochrome c and embryo comparison handout. Exceeds Describe at least one of these developmental genes. Be sure to include its purpose in development. How many differences are in this gene between humans and another vertebrate class. Homologous Developmental Genes Hox Genes Genes that control the production of proteins involved in development but doesn’t produce these proteins directly. Homologous Developmental Genes Hox Genes Summary of Darwin’s Theory Individuals in nature differ from one another Organisms in nature produce more offspring than can survive, and many of those who do not survive do not reproduce. Summary of Darwin’s Theory Because more organisms are produce than can survive, each species must struggle for resources Each organism is unique, each has advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existence Summary (cont.) Individuals best suited for the environment survive and reproduce most successful Populations within species change over time Summary (cont.) Species alive today descended with modification from populations that lived in the past All organisms on earth are united into a single family tree of life by common descent Who’s the strongest? Evolution Test study guide Students should be able to… 1. Describe what the Theory of Evolution states. 2. Name the person who developed this theory and describe how he developed it. 3. Define the following and give an example of each. Species Population Natural selection 4. Describe how fossils and strata provide evidence for the theory of evolution. 5. Determine the age of rocks and fossils using radioactive dating. 6. Describe an example of homologous structures and vestigial structures. Explain how they provide evidence of evolution. 7. Explain how organism development and molecules provide evidence of evolution. 8. Describe what the Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) principle /law/ theory states and be sure to list the 5 H-W conditions.