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Transcript
Chapter 15 Part 2: Evolution Introduction Continued… Natural Selection • Darwin’s greatest contribution was his concept of natural selection • In the struggle for survival, the most fit- the fastest prey, the strongest predator , the one with the sharpest claws, wins the game of survival. Survival of the fittest. • Natural Selection – process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully Evolution by Natural Selection • Fitness = the ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment • Adaptation = any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival Proof for Evolution Beaver Muskrat Beaver and Muskrat Coypu • Fossil record = Darwin argued that the fossil record provided evidence that living things have been evolving for millions of years Capybara Coypu and Capybara They all look like rats to me. • Geographic Distribution of living species: Descent with modification, says that similar species in similar environments but in different locations, were products of different evolution paths Homologous Body Structures • Homologous structures all develop from the same embryo tissues but have different functions in the adult organism. Turtle Alligator Ancient lobe-finned fish Bird Mammal Vestigial organs • Why do we need our appendix? • It’s useless now, but it may have served some function in our past • Vestigial organs = organ with little or no function, left over from the past, ex. appendix If you can live without it, with no medical help, then it’s useless!