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Transcript
The Evolution of a Theory Darwin and Evolution Outline • History of Evolutionary Thought • Darwin’s Theory of Evolution – Occurrence of Descent – Biogeography • Natural Selection and Adaptation • The Evidence of Evolution – Fossil – Biogeographical – Anatomical – Biochemical Scientific view prior to Darwin • strongly tied to religion, in fact, its purpose was to verify religious dogma. Some guiding ideas in science • Special creation of the fixity of all species • The Scala Naturae Mid-Eighteenth Century • Taxonomy -- important endeavor during mid-eighteenth century. –Linnaeus –Count Buffon. Late Eighteenth Century • Cuvier --comparative anatomy Founded Paleontology • Proposed Catastrophism Natural Theology • The Rev. William Paley – looking for perfection • precursor to scientific creationism • Precursor to ID? Life’s a Struggle • The Rev. Thomas Malthus – life is a struggle. Populations limited by: –Drought –Famine –Pestilence –War? Late Eighteenth Century •Lamarck was first biologist to believe evolution occurs and to link diversity with environmental adaptation. –Concluded more complex organisms are descended from less complex organisms. PROPOSED: Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Darwin’s Theory of Evolution • The theory of evolution is also called descent with modification. • Darwin’s Influences: – Charles Lyell • Uniformitarianism – Thomas Malthus – Reverend Paley Galapagos Islands-Darwin’s Lab Galápagos Tortoises and Finches Driving Force of Evolution? NATURAL SELECTION –Preconditions • Heritable variation • Struggle for resources • Variations in fitness –Consequences • Population better adapted to local environment Artificial Selection Preconditions • Organisms Have Variations • Organisms Struggle to Exist • Organisms Differ in Fitness Result • Populations Become Adapted What is the evidence for evolution? • Fossil • Biogeographical • Anatomical • Embryological • Biochemical Evolution of the Horse Biogeography Comparative Anatomy Comparative Anatomy 2 • Homologous Structures are anatomically similar • Analogous Structures serve the same function • Vestigial Structures Comparative Embryology Biochemical Evidence Models of Evolution Summary • History of Evolutionary Thought • Darwin’s Theory of Evolution – Occurrence of Descent – Biogeography • Natural Selection and Adaptation • The Evidence of Evolution – – – – – Fossil Biogeographical Anatomical Embryological Biochemical
