* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Presentation
Survey
Document related concepts
Unilineal evolution wikipedia , lookup
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Incomplete Nature wikipedia , lookup
Catholic Church and evolution wikipedia , lookup
Paleontology wikipedia , lookup
On the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Theistic evolution wikipedia , lookup
Saltation (biology) wikipedia , lookup
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Spontaneous Generation, Evolution, and a Few Scientists Let’s do it.. Spontaneous Generation or Abiogenesis The idea that life could arise from nonliving matter People used to think that beetles came from dung and maggots came from meat left standing in the open for days Today, we know that this is not true Francesco Redi An Italian physician Produced an experiment that disproved the idea of sponataneous generation He placed meat in uncovered and covered jars and let them sit for a few days Flies could not get to the meat in the covered jars, so no maggots were produced, however the flies were able to get to the meat in the uncovered jars and maggots were present after a few days His conclusion – Flies produce maggots, not the meat. Spontaneous Generation did not exist. His experiment John Needham An English scientist Used Anton van Leewenhoek’s discovery of “animalcules” (microscopic organisms) to attack Redi’s work. He believed that spontaneous generation could exist under the right conditions. Needham took a bottle of gravy, sealed and heated it, and a few days later.. The gravy was teeming with microscopic organisms. His conclusion – the gravy produced life. Spontaneous Generation did exist. Why would he heat the gravy? His experiment Lazzaro Spallanzani Obviously he’s an Italian scholar read about the work of Redi and Needham He believed that Needham did not heat his “gravy” enough to kill whatever was already present in the gravy. He duplicated Needham’s experiment with the exception of boiling the gravy, rather than just heating it. He also had another jar left open to the air. The jar that was boiled, no life was present! The jar left open was teeming with microscopic organisms His conclusion – Spontaneous Generation did not exist Spallanzani His experiment was the same as Needham’s with the exception of what? ___________________ Louis Pasteur On into the 1800’s, scientist argued that how could life exist in a jar sealed from the air.. No oxygen would be allowed in a sealed off environment. So Pasteur created a curved neck flask. He placed a solution in the flask, boiled it, and the flask remained open to the air. After a year, no microscopic organisms were in the solution. He broke the curved neck flask’s neck and almost immediately, the solution became present with microscopic life His conclusion – Spontaneous Generation did not and could not exist. Curved Neck Flask Other contributions.. Vaccination for the masses – First vaccine for rabies The germ theory – that microorganisms cause diseases Pasteurization – makes food and beverages safe for consumption – And many others.. Evolution Change over time.. Not man from monkeys! Evolution It is defined by the simple phrase “change over time.” It’s a process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms There are many scientists included in the evolutionary discussion, but none more so than Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin His observations led to a revolutionary theory about the way life changes over time. An English scientist In 1831, he set sail on the H.M.S. Beagle around the world. Darwin conducted a large amount of his studies on the Galapagos Islands. Galapagos Darwin noticed differences between the beaks of finches and the shells of tortoises in the different islands of the Galapagos. He notes that what once was one species had evolved into different species suited to live in their specific environment Finches As you can see, the finches, over time, developed a beak that best suit their survival on each particular island of the Galapogos. The Origin of Species Was a book that Darwin published that shocked the world and everything it knew about life, especially from a religious standpoint. Thomas Robert Malthus English scientist Wrote a passage entitled Essay on the Principle of Population in 1798 that helped Darwin formulate his idea of natural selection. Noted for the first time that nature produced far more offspring that can survive. Alfred Russell Wallace British naturalist Introduced the concept of warning coloration in animals, and the Wallace effect, a hypothesis on how natural selection could contribute to speciation. All these ideas helped Darwin to publish his own thoughts on natural selection. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck French naturalist Published a theory of the inheritance of acquired traits. One of the first to explain how organisms change over time Also discussed “use and disuse” theory Sir Charles Lyell British geologist In his final volume of the Principles of Geology, he explained that processes occurring now have shaped Earth’s geological features over long periods of time. Had an influence on Darwin’s ideas. Is this evolution? You decide..