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REVIEW DAY • 2. James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work was important to Darwin because these scientists • a. explained volcanoes and earthquakes. • b. explained all geologic events on Earth. • c. suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred. • d. refuted the work of Lamarck, which was based on misunderstandings. • 2. James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work was important to Darwin because these scientists • a. explained volcanoes and earthquakes. • b. explained all geologic events on Earth. • c. suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred. • d. refuted the work of Lamarck, which was based on misunderstandings. • 7. The idea that only famine, disease, and war could prevent the endless growth of human populations was presented by • a. Charles Darwin. • b. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. • c. Thomas Malthus. • d. Charles Lyell. • 7. The idea that only famine, disease, and war could prevent the endless growth of human populations was presented by • a. Charles Darwin. • b. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. • c. Thomas Malthus. • d. Charles Lyell. • 7. A human’s arm, and cat’s forelimb, a whales flipper, and a bat’s wing ALL have similar bone structure consisting of a humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. (See figure 15-2) • This is an example of • a. examples of fossils. • b. homologous structures. • c. acquired traits. • d. examples of natural variation. • 7. A human’s arm, and cat’s forelimb, a whales flipper, and a bat’s wing ALL have similar bone structure consisting of a humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. (See figure 15-2) • This is an example of • a. examples of fossils. • b. homologous structures. • c. acquired traits. • d. examples of natural variation. • 3. When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? • a. acquired characteristics • b. reproductive isolation • c. survival of the fittest • d. descent with modification • 3. When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? • a. acquired characteristics • b. reproductive isolation • c. survival of the fittest • d. descent with modification Draw 2 organisms that demonstrate how animals change together, and explain why they show co-evolution. Draw 2 organisms that demonstrate how animals change together, and explain why they show co-evolution. Answers will vary: Some of the class responses were The flower and Insect Mouth What does this diagram show? SPECIATION Thomas Malthus reasoned that if ____________ ____________ continued to grow unchecked sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food. Thomas Malthus reasoned that if human population continued to grow unchecked sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food. Hutton and Lyel helped scientists recognize that evolution could only function if the earth was ________ of years old. Hutton and Lyel helped scientists recognize that evolution could only function if the earth was 1,000,000 of years old. If a dog breeder only allows certain animals to breed based on their traits this is called ______________ selection. If a dog breeder only allows certain animals to breed based on their traits this is called artificial selection. Draw an animal that has an adaptation that helps it to survive Bird: wings Human: legs What is a vestigial structure? Homologous structures that are reduced in size that are no longer functional What is an animal that has an vestigial structure. Whale and pelvic bone Human and appendix All of the genes in a species population makes up the population’s __________ __________ All of the genes in a species population makes up the population’s Gene Pool A change in the sequence (order) of DNA is a __________ A change in the sequence (order) of DNA is a mutation What is a polygenic trait? Phenotype influenced by many genes The two main sources of genetic variation are • a. genotypes and phenotypes. • b. gene shuffling and mutations. • c. single-gene traits and polygenic traits. • d. directional selection and disruptive selection. The two main sources of genetic variation are • a. genotypes and phenotypes. • b. gene shuffling and mutations. • c. single-gene traits and polygenic traits. • d. directional selection and disruptive selection. One similarity between natural selection and genetic drift is that both events • a. are based completely on chance. • b. begin with one or more mutations. • c. involve a change in a population’s allele frequencies. • d. take place only in very small groups. One similarity between natural selection and genetic drift is that both events • a. are based completely on chance. • b. begin with one or more mutations. • c. involve a change in a population’s allele frequencies. • d. take place only in very small groups. This diagram shows __________ __________ This diagram shows Genetic Drift What is Genetic Drift? Change in frequency of a gene variant (allele) due to random What is geographic isolation? Species isolated due to the geography of the environment. Eventually new species development What is behavioral isolation? Reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevents them from interbreeding Draw/Give an example of temporal isolation Who created this experiment that attempted to demonstrate the formation of organic molecules? Miller and Urey 6. Darwin was prompted to publish his theory of evolution by… a. An essay by Wallace on evolution b. The publication of Lamarck’s theory of evolution c. The vice governor of the galapagos Islands d. The work of Hutton and Lyel 6. Darwin was prompted to publish his theory of evolution by… a. An essay by Wallace on evolution b. The publication of Lamarck’s theory of evolution c. The vice governor of the galapagos Islands d. The work of Hutton and Lyel 16. Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection? a. By chance certain allele frequencies increase b. Sudden replacement of one population by another c. Changes in a species as it becomes more perfect d. Process of change in a species over time 16. Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection? a. By chance certain allele frequencies increase b. Sudden replacement of one population by another c. Changes in a species as it becomes more perfect d. Process of change in a species over time 21. In many kinds of organisms, inheritable differences are due mostly to… a. b. c. d. Single-gene traits Polygenic traits Gene shuffling during gamete formation The effects of radiation 21. In many kinds of organisms, inheritable differences are due mostly to… a. b. c. d. Single-gene traits Polygenic traits Gene shuffling during gamete formation The effects of radiation 22. a. b. c. d. A single-gene trait that has 2 alleles and that shows a simple dominantrecessive pattern will result in… One phenotype 2 phenotypes 4 phenotypes Millions of phenotypes 22. a. b. c. d. A single-gene trait that has 2 alleles and that shows a simple dominantrecessive pattern will result in… One phenotype 2 phenotypes 4 phenotypes Millions of phenotypes 24. Natural selection act directly on… a. b. c. d. alleles genes phenotypes mutations 24. Natural selection act directly on… a. b. c. d. alleles genes phenotypes mutations 29. In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of… a. b. c. d. mutations chance Natural selection Genetic equilibrium 29. In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of… a. b. c. d. mutations chance Natural selection Genetic equilibrium 30. Genetic drift tends to occur in populations that… a. b. c. d. Are very large Are small Are formed from new species Have unchanging allele frequencies 30. Genetic drift tends to occur in populations that… a. b. c. d. Are very large Are small Are formed from new species Have unchanging allele frequencies 42. Fossilized evidence of earth’s first forms of life would consist of… a. b. c. d. Vertebrates from the Precambrian Invertebrates from the Precambrian Eukaryotes from the Precambrian Prokaryotes from the Precambrian 43. Miller and Urey’s experiments attempt to demonstrate… a. How Earth first formed b. Whether DNA or RNA evolved first c. Whether organic molecules could have formed before life was present d. How the deepest part of Earth formed 43. Miller and Urey’s experiments attempt to demonstrate… a. How Earth first formed b. Whether DNA or RNA evolved first c. Whether organic molecules could have formed before life was present d. How the deepest part of Earth formed