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http://www.archive.org/details/isforAto1953 (Minutes 0 to 5:42) Under the JUST DO IT section, answer the Questions about the film: What is it about? Who are making the studies? Where do they make their findings? Why are they studying it? LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION AND THE ATOM BOOKER T. WASHINGTON S.H. Ms. Lowe-Smith - Principal Mr. Robinson - Head Science Dpt. Mr. Victor M. Galdo - Teacher Levels of Organization p. 21 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Living things may be study in many different levels These are (from smallest to largest and more complex) : Atoms & Molecules Cells Groups of cells Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere electron neutron proton THE ATOM It is the basic unit of matter. Atomos “means unable to cut”. It has two areas: a nucleus and an electron cloud. It contains subatomic particles that are even smaller. electron neutron proton If all had the innocence of a child... a lot more would get done, but a lot less would be questioned... An open heart and a trained mind brings both. SUBATOMIC PARTICLES The subatomic particles that make up the atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Strong forces bind protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus, which is at the center of the atom. Here is the atom’s mass. Protons and neutrons have the same mass, 1 atomic mass unit (amu). However, protons are positively charged particles (+) and neutrons have no charge (neutral). The # of protons determines what type of element is that particular atom. The ATOMIC ENERGY comes from the nucleus. SUBATOMIC PARTICLES (cont.) Electrons (e-) are negatively charged particles (-), that have a very small mass, 1/1840 of a proton. The e- are in constant motion in the space surrounding the nucleus called the electron cloud. Because atoms have equal #’s of e- and protons, that have equal opposite charges, atoms are neutral. The e- is the part used by the atom to form chemical bonds with other atoms, thus forming matter. QUESTIONS & SUMMARY Using the High School Question Task Cards, write two questions about the levels of organization, and six questions (regular) or eight questions (honor) about the atom. Write your summary for today’s notes. NOTEBOOK: OUTPUT Write a 4 – 5 sentences paragraph about the levels of organization that life shows. You must use and underline at least four (regular) or six (honor) key words. Build a table that describes the parts of an atom, and that includes the: name, electrical charge, mass, place found, and function, of each sub-atomic particle. Name Charge Mass Location Function Elements & the Periodic Table 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Watch the 14:00 minutes video, and answer the questions: What was the language used by scientists to create the Periodic Table? How are the atoms (elements) arranged in the Periodic Table? What makes one element different from another one? List and describe two uses given to the periodic table in the professional industry. Name the elements with an atomic # of 31, and the one with the symbol Pb. Elements & the Periodic Table A chemical element is a pure substance. There are around 110 different elements. They are represented by 1 or 2 letters symbols, i.e., C = carbon, and Na = ______ The # of protons in an element is the element’s atomic number. They are organized in the periodic table in periods (# of shells or orbits), and groups (# of electrons in the last shell) Elements & the Periodic Table THREE FORMULAS: 1 – ATOMIC NUMBER = # OF PROTONS 2 - ATOMIC MASS = # OF P + # OF N (MASS NUMBER) 3 – ATOMIC CHARGE = # OF P - # OF eWHERE P = PROTONS, N = NEUTRONS, e- = ELECTRONS The Earth’s Elements: Periodic Table Research (2 GRADES) 1)NAME:________ 2) SYMBOL: ______ 3) ATOMIC NUMBER:___ 4) AVERAGE MASS #:___ 5) # OF NEUTRONS:____ 6) # OF ELECTRONS:___ 7) # OF ENERGY LEVELS OR SHELLS:_________ 8) # OF ELECTRONS IN THE LAST ENERGY LEVEL OR SHELL:___________ 9) WILL THIS ELEMENT TEND TO WIN, LOSE, SHARE ELECTRONS, OR IS IT STABLE?: ________ 10) HOW MANY e¯ WILL IT WIN, LOSE, OR SHARE? 11) GROUP #: ______ 12) PERIOD #: ______ 13) TYPE OF ELEMENT: _____________________ 14) FAMILY MEMBERS: ______________________ E/S SCIENCE: THE EARTH’S ELEMENTS (PERIODIC TABLE - RESEARCH) (Cont.) 15) LIST THREE (3) USES GIVEN TO YOUR ELEMENT IN REAL LIFE. 16) DRAW THE NUCLEUS SPECIFYING THE # OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS AND THE LAST ENERGY LEVEL SHOWING THE e¯ ON IT. P=27 N=23 QUESTIONS & SUMMARY Using the High School Question Task Cards, write four questions (Honors six) about the Elements & the Periodic Table Write your summary for today’s notes. Isotopes, Molecules, Compounds, Chemical Bonds, & Ions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Copy these questions in the questions column and answer them in the notes section using the Biology book, pages 36 – 39: How do you find the mass number of an atom? What is an isotope? Do isotopes of the same element have different chemical properties? Explain your answer. Describe a radioactive isotope, and give three examples of how are radioactive isotopes used. What is a compound? And how is a compound different from an element? Name and describe two types of chemical bonds. What is an ion? How do you create + and - ions? What is a molecule? NOTEBOOK: OUTPUT WORD TENTS – using the following words write sentences and connect them forming paragraphs. You may change the endings and use the words more than once. Underline the words you use. Use at least 8 words (Honors use 12). chemical element period atomic number atomic mass groups periodic table isotopes chemical bond radioactive isotope compound molecule ionic bond covalent bond proton neutron electron + ion - ion WORD TENTS - EXAMPLE The electron is a negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus. In the nucleus we find the protons and the neutrons, etc.