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21 Atom September 23 Warm - Up: proton, neutron Reminders: Today: 1. Check Density HW 2. Notes: Atoms 3. Study Guides Six Weeks Test Thursday 36. proton positively charged subatomic particle found in nucleus of an atom Draw it: Connect it: found in nucleus heavy, 1 amu 2 37 . neutron neutral subatomic particle found in nucleus of an atom Draw it: Connect it: no charge heavy, 1 amu 3 HELIUM ATOM Shell proton electron + N N + - neutron Notice the location of each particle!!! Let’s Explore some Models of Atoms... Activity: Observe the “petri dish” model of an atom. Draw what you see and write at least three observations. Complete the chart & Questions. Petri Dish Atom Model + + + 6 Notes: Parts of an Atom There are two main regions within an atom: NUCLEUS -the is located in the center of the atom and contains the protons and the neutrons (it is the denser part because it has the larger massive particles) ELECTRON -the cloud that surrounds the nucleus and contains electrons, makes up most of the volume of atom, it is 100, 000 times bigger than nucleus) Atoms are made up of three main subatomic particles: PROTONS have a positive (+) charge and are located in the nucleus. NEUTRONS have no charge and are located in the nucleus. ELECTRONS have a negative (-) charge and are located outside the nucleus. In any NEUTRAL atom, three things are equal---- atomic number, number of electrons, & number of protons To remember this, think of the word APE : Atomic # All three are equal. If Protons you know one, you Electrons know the other two. Determining the Identity of an Element Each element on the Periodic Table is made of only one kind of atom. The number of protons determines an element’s IDENTITY. The number of protons is represented by the ATOMIC NUMBER. If you interpret the the information on the Periodic Table, you can find the number of subatomic particles in an atom of a given element. Atomic number element name 6 C Carbon 12.011 element symbol atomic mass To find the neutrons in the nucleus remember MAN : Mass number - Atomic # = Neutrons To find the subatomic particles of any atom remember the mneumonic: APE MAN ATOMIC STRUCTURE Draw this chart on the back of your notes. Particle Charge Mass proton + charge 1 neutron No charge 1 electron - charge 0 What makes a Hydrogen atom different from a Helium atom? Hydrogen helium ATOMIC STRUCTURE Did you notice that… Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels or Shells around the nucleus of an atom. 32 8 P+ n 2 8 18 HELIUM ATOM Shell proton + electron N N + - neutron Notice the location of each particle!!! ATOMIC STRUCTURE 2 He 4 Atomic number the number of protons in an atom Atomic mass the number of protons and neutrons in an atom ALL atoms are NEUTRAL!!!! Therefore, # of electrons = # of protons ATOMIC STRUCTURE RULES!!! • • • • • The Atomic Number = # of protons in the nucleus. The Atomic Mass = # of Protons + Neutrons The number of Protons = Number of Electrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels or electron shells. Each shell can only carry a set number of electrons. 2, 8, 8, 18, 32 Making a Model of the Atom Electrons NUCLEUS Protons Neutrons HYDROGEN 1 e___ 1 P+ ___ 0 n ___ P = __ e = __ N = __ HELIUM 2 e___ 2 P+ ___ 2 n ___ P = __ e = __ N = __ LITHIUM 3 e___ 3 P+ ___ 4 n ___ P = __ e = __ N = __ BERYLLIUM 4 ___ e4 ___ P+ 5 n ___ P = __ e = __ N = __ BORON 5 e___ 5 P+ ___ 6 n ___ P = __ e = __ N = __ CARBON 6 e___ 6 P+ ___ 6 n ___ P = __ e = __ N = __ Now Use the White Board to draw the following atoms… NITROGEN 7 e___ 7 P+ ___ 7 n ___ P = __ e = __ N = __ CHLORINE ___ e ___ P + ___ n P = __ e = __ N = __ Complete the Chlorine atom on your own. Fe2O3 chemical formula 1.There are ___ elements in the formula. 2. There are ___ atoms in the formula. 32