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Topic: Chemistry 11/15/11 Aim: How are elements classified in the Periodic Table? Do Now: What is the Periodic Table of Elements? Meet the Elements • Write down all of the ELEMENTS you see in this video. It goes by quickly, so pay attention!!!!!!!!!!!!! I am Dmitri Mendeleev! I made the PERIODIC TABLE ! Periodic • System of classifying all known elements Table Element Key Atomic • # of protons number • (# of electrons) • Never changes • Different for each element Element Key Atomic • Measured in atomic mass units mass • Protons = 1 amu • Neutrons = 1 amu • Electrons = 0.0006 amu Mass #• Protons + neutrons • Round atomic mass to nearest whole # ATOMIC STRUCTURE Atomic number the number of protons in an atom Atomic mass the number of protons and neutrons in an atom number of electrons = number of protons # of • Mass # - atomic # neutrons Topic: Chemistry 11/16/11 Aim: How are elements classified in the Periodic Table of Elements? Determine the: Do Now: a. Atomic # 48 b. Atomic Mass 112.41 c. Mass # 112 d. # of protons 48 e. # of electrons 48 f. # of neutrons 112-48 = 64 How are • Increasing atomic elements number arranged? How do you read the PERIODIC TABLE? Atomic Number Symbol Atomic Mass/Weight QUICK REVIEW • ATOMIC # = ? • 6 • # OF PROTONS = ? • 6 • ATOMIC MASS = ? • 12.01 • MASS #= ? • 12 • # of NEUTRONS = ? • 12 – 6 = 6 GROUPS/ • Columns FAMILIES • Elements have similar BUT NOT identical properties PERIODS • Rows (7) • Elements not alike in properties • Left to right atomic # increases 1 IA 1 18 VIIIA 2 IIA 13 IIIA 2nd Period 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 4 5 6th Period 6 7 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 3 Classes of Elements Class Color Metal 1 1 18 Non-Metal Metalloid 1 H 2 13 14 15 16 17 1.008 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Be B C N O F Ne 6.941 9.012 11 12 Na Mg 6 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 20.180 12.001 14.007 15.999 18.998 13 14 15 16 17 18 Al Si P S Cl Ar 26.982 28.086 30.974 32.066 35.453 39.948 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Sc 44.956 V Cr Mn 40.078 Ti Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 47.87 50.942 51.996 54.938 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo 85.468 87.62 92.906 95.94 Tc 88.906 91.224 (98) 55.845 44 Ru 101.07 58.933 58.69 63.546 65.39 69.723 72.61 74.922 78.96 79.904 83.80 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 102.906 106.42 107.868 112.4 114.818 118.710 121.760 127.60 126.904 131.29 55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba Lu Ta 137.327 174.967 Hf W Re Os 190.23 Ir 192.217 Pt 195.078 Au Hg 200.59 Tl 204.383 Pb 207.2 Bi 208.980 Po At Rn 103 112 Uub 113 114 115 117 118 Uut Uuq Uup 116 Uuh Uus Uuo (284) (289) (288) 68 69 70 132.905 7 24.305 10.811 19 39.098 5 4.003 Li 22.990 4 2 He 87 88 Fr Ra (223) (226) Lr (262) 178.49 180.95 183.84 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg (266) (264) (269) (269) (272) (261) Lanthanides Actinides (262) 57 58 186.207 59 60 Nd La Ce Pr 138.906 140.116 140.908 144.24 (268) 61 62 Pm Sm (145) 150.36 196.967 63 Eu 151.964 (285) 64 Gd 157.25 65 Tb 158.925 66 Dy 162.50 67 (209) (292) (210) (222) Er Tm 164.930 167.26 168.934 173.04 Ho Yb 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No 232.038 231.036 238.029 (257) (258) (259) (227) (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) 1. Metals • 88 elements to left of zigzag line • Physical Properties • 1. Luster = shiny • 2. Ductile = pulled into wires • 3. Malleable = hammered into sheets/shapes • 4. Good conductors = transmit heat/ electricity easily 2. • To right of zigzag line Nonmetals • Physical Properties • 1. No luster (dull) • 2. Brittle (break) • 3. Poor conductors Sulfur • Semi-metals 3. Metalloids • Properties of metals & nonmetals • 2 sides touch zig-zag line 14 Si 28.086 5 B 10.811 Group 1 • Alkali Metals Li Na K Rb Cs Fr • Soft, white, shiny metals • Highly reactive Group 2 • Alkaline Earth Metals • White and malleable • Reactive, but less than Alkali metals Alkaline Earth Metals • Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature. • Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca) Groups • Transition Metals • Good conductors 3-11 • Jewelry (Au, Ag) • Bond in a variety of shapes & colors Uses of Transition Elements • Chromium’s name comes from the Greek word for color, chrome. • Many other transition elements combine to form substances with brilliant colors. Uses of Transition Elements • Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature. • Mercury, which has the lowest melting point of any metal (–39°C), was used in thermometers and in barometers. • Mercury is poisonous to living beings. Uses of Transition Elements • Most transition metals have higher melting points. • The filaments of light bulbs are made of tungsten, element 74. • Tungsten has the highest melting point of any metal (3,410°C) and will not melt when a current passes through it. Group 13 • Boron Family • Aluminum Group 14 • Carbon Family • Contains elements important to life and computers. Group 15 • Nitrogen Family • Nitrogen & phosphorus important in living things. Group 16 • Oxygen Family Topic: Chemistry 11/17/11 Aim: How are elements classified in the Periodic Table of Elements? Do Now: Identify the group of the periodic table being described: a. Salt formers b. Very reactive metals c. Group 2 Group 17 • Halogens • reactive nonmetals • “salt-former” • form salts with alkali metals (sodium) Uses of the Halogens Fluorine Toothpaste Water treatment Non stick coatings Chlorine Water disinfection Bromine Photographic film Hydrochloric acid Tear gas Plastics Flame retardants Bleaches Pharmaceuticals Iodine Disinfectant Halogen lamps X- ray diagnosis Salt additive Thyroid treatment Cancer treatment Group 18 • Noble Gases • Inert Gases • Very unreactive gases • Used in lighted “neon” signs Noble gases glow brightly when electricity passes through them and are used as advertising signs: • helium glows yellow • neon glows orange-red • argon glows pale red at low pressures, blue at high pressures • krypton glows bluish-white • xenon glows blue Did you hear about the chemist who was reading a book about Helium? He just couldn't put it down. Uses for the Noble Gases • Krypton is used with nitrogen in ordinary light bulbs because these gases keep the glowing filament from burning out. • Krypton lights are used to illuminate landing strips at airports. • Xenon is used in strobe lights and was once used in photographic flash cubes. The Periodic Table Lanthanides and Actinides • • • • • • • Rare Earth Elements Good conductors The lanthanides are soft metals that can be cut with a knife. All the actinides are radioactive. Uranium used in nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons Plutonium is used as a fuel in nuclear power plants. Americium is used in some home smoke detectors. Alkali Metals The Periodic Table Alkaline Earth Metals Noble Gases Halogens Transition Metals Lanthanides and Actinides Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 10 Slide 55 of 35 Review: 1. Explain how the periodic table of elements is arranged. 2. Elements at the left of the periodic table are known as ______. 3. Elements at the right of the periodic table are known as _______. 4. Explain some of the properties of metals. 5. Explain some of the properties of nonmetals. 6. Explain some properties of noble gases. Use a periodic table and your knowledge of the element families to identify each element by name. 1. I am a member of the Carbon family with 14 electrons. Silicon 2. I am a transition metal with 79 protons. Gold 3. I am a member of the Alkali Metal Potassium family with 20 neutrons. 4. I am a transition metal with 110 neutrons. Tungsten 5. I am a member of the Oxygen family with 16 protons and 16 neutrons. Sulfur Use a periodic table and your knowledge of the element families to identify each element by name. 1. I am a Noble Gas that is found in the 6th period. Radon 2. I am a member of the Alkaline Earth family and have 88 electrons. Radium 3. I am a transition metal that is a liquid at room temperature. 4. I am a member of the Carbon family that is found in the 5th period. Mercury Tin Use a periodic table to help you identify each element. Give its symbol for the answer. 1. I am a member of the Boron family with 49 protons. In 2. I have a total of 74 electrons in an atom. 3. I have an atomic mass of 55.847. Fe 4. I have 8 neutrons in an atom. O W Use a periodic table to help you identify each element. Give its symbol for the answer. 5. I have 14 protons, 14 neutrons, Si and 14 electrons in an atom. 6. I have 99 protons and 99 Es electrons in an atom. 7. I am a Halogen with 18 Cl neutrons. 8. I have 20 protons and 20 Ca neutrons Use the information provided to answer the questions. 2 He Helium 4.003 5 B Boron 10.81 11 Na Sodium 22.990 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 1. What is the atomic number for Chlorine? 17 2.What is the atomic mass for 10.81 Boron? 3.How many protons are in an atom of Na? 11 4.How many neutrons are in an atom 2 of He? Use the information provided to answer the questions. 2 He Helium 4.003 5 B Boron 10.81 11 Na Sodium 22.990 5. How many electrons are in an atom of Cl? 6. How many protons and neutrons would be in an atom of Chlorine? 7. How many neutrons are in an atom of Na? 8. How many protons and neutrons are in an atom of Helium? 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 17 35 12 4 Use your knowledge of the relationships in the periodic table to answer each question. A B C D E F G H I 1. If Element B has 14 protons, how many would an atom of Element C have? 15 2. If Element D has 22 electrons, how many would Element F have? 26 3. If Element D has 14 protons, how many would an atom of Element F have? 16 4. If Element C has 22 electrons, how many would Element A have? 24 Use the information provided to answer the questions. 1 H Hydrogen 1.01 3 Li Lithium 6.94 14 Si Silicon 28.09 1. What is the atomic number for lithium? 2. How many protons does an atom of Si have? 3. What is the atomic mass for Argon? 4. How many electrons does an atom of H have? 5. How many neutrons are in an atom of Li? 6. How many electrons are in an atom of Si? 7. How many protons and neutrons are in an atom of Argon? 18 Ar Argon 39.95 The answers are … 1 H Hydrogen 1.01 3 Li Lithium 6.94 14 Si Silicon 28.09 1. What is the atomic number for lithium? 18 Ar Argon 39.95 3 2. How many protons does an atom of Si have? 14 3. What is the atomic mass for Argon? 39.95 4. How many electrons does an atom of H have? 5. How many neutrons are in an atom of Li? 1 4 6. How many electrons are in an atom of Si? 14 7. How many protons and neutrons are in an atom of Argon? 39.95 Fill in the chart using the information provided. Element Atomic # Atomic Mass Protons Neutrons Electrons Li 3 7 A B C O 8 D E 8 F Al G 27 H I 13 The answers are … Element Atomic # Atomic Mass Protons Neutrons Electrons Li 3 7 3 A B 4 C 3 O 8 16 D 8 E 8 8 F Al 13 G 27 13 H 14 I 13 Fill in the correct number for each letter using the information provided. Element Atomic Number Atomic Mass # of Protons # of Neutrons # of Electrons Mg 12 24 A B C P 15 D E 16 F K G 39 H I 19 The answers are … Element Atomic # Atomic Mass Mg 12 24 P 15 K 19 G Protons Neutrons Electrons 12 A B 12 C 12 D 31 E 15 16 F 15 39 19 H 20 I 19