Download atomic mass

Topic: Chemistry
11/15/11
Aim: How are elements
classified in the Periodic
Table?
Do Now: What is the Periodic
Table of Elements?
Meet the Elements
• Write down all of the
ELEMENTS you see in this
video. It goes by quickly,
so pay attention!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I am Dmitri Mendeleev!
I made the PERIODIC TABLE !
Periodic • System of classifying
all known elements
Table
Element Key
Atomic • # of protons
number • (# of electrons)
• Never changes
• Different for each element
Element Key
Atomic • Measured in atomic mass
units
mass
• Protons = 1 amu
• Neutrons = 1 amu
• Electrons = 0.0006 amu
Mass #• Protons + neutrons
• Round atomic mass to
nearest whole #
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Atomic number
the number of protons in an atom
Atomic mass
the number of protons and
neutrons in an atom
number of electrons = number of protons
# of
• Mass # - atomic #
neutrons
Topic: Chemistry
11/16/11
Aim: How are elements classified in
the Periodic Table of Elements?
Determine the:
Do Now:
a. Atomic # 48
b. Atomic Mass 112.41
c. Mass # 112
d. # of protons 48
e. # of electrons 48
f. # of neutrons
112-48 = 64
How are • Increasing atomic
elements number
arranged?
How do you read the PERIODIC TABLE?
Atomic Number
Symbol
Atomic
Mass/Weight
QUICK REVIEW
• ATOMIC # = ?
• 6
• # OF PROTONS = ?
• 6
• ATOMIC MASS = ?
• 12.01
• MASS #= ?
• 12
• # of NEUTRONS = ?
• 12 – 6 = 6
GROUPS/ • Columns
FAMILIES • Elements have similar
BUT NOT identical
properties
PERIODS • Rows (7)
• Elements not alike in
properties
• Left to right  atomic #
increases
1
IA
1
18
VIIIA
2
IIA
13
IIIA
2nd Period
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
4
5
6th Period
6
7
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
IB
12
IIB
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
3 Classes of Elements
Class
Color
Metal
1
1
18
Non-Metal
Metalloid
1
H
2
13 14
15 16
17
1.008
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
6.941
9.012
11
12
Na
Mg
6
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
20.180
12.001
14.007
15.999
18.998
13
14
15
16
17
18
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
26.982
28.086
30.974
32.066
35.453
39.948
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
K
Ca
Sc
44.956
V
Cr
Mn
40.078
Ti
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
47.87
50.942
51.996
54.938
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
85.468
87.62
92.906
95.94
Tc
88.906
91.224
(98)
55.845
44
Ru
101.07
58.933
58.69
63.546
65.39
69.723
72.61
74.922
78.96
79.904
83.80
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
102.906
106.42
107.868
112.4
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.904
131.29
55
56
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Cs
Ba
Lu
Ta
137.327
174.967
Hf
W
Re
Os
190.23
Ir
192.217
Pt
195.078
Au
Hg
200.59
Tl
204.383
Pb
207.2
Bi
208.980
Po
At
Rn
103
112
Uub
113
114
115
117
118
Uut
Uuq
Uup
116
Uuh
Uus
Uuo
(284)
(289)
(288)
68
69
70
132.905
7
24.305
10.811
19
39.098
5
4.003
Li
22.990
4
2
He
87
88
Fr
Ra
(223)
(226)
Lr
(262)
178.49
180.95
183.84
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
(266)
(264)
(269)
(269)
(272)
(261)
Lanthanides
Actinides
(262)
57
58
186.207
59
60
Nd
La
Ce
Pr
138.906
140.116
140.908
144.24
(268)
61
62
Pm
Sm
(145)
150.36
196.967
63
Eu
151.964
(285)
64
Gd
157.25
65
Tb
158.925
66
Dy
162.50
67
(209)
(292)
(210)
(222)
Er
Tm
164.930
167.26
168.934
173.04
Ho
Yb
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
232.038
231.036
238.029
(257)
(258)
(259)
(227)
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
1. Metals • 88 elements to left of zigzag
line
• Physical Properties
• 1. Luster = shiny
• 2. Ductile = pulled into wires
• 3. Malleable = hammered into
sheets/shapes
• 4. Good conductors = transmit heat/
electricity easily
2.
• To right of zigzag line
Nonmetals
• Physical Properties
• 1. No luster (dull)
• 2. Brittle (break)
• 3. Poor conductors
Sulfur
• Semi-metals
3.
Metalloids • Properties of metals &
nonmetals
• 2 sides touch zig-zag line
14
Si
28.086
5
B
10.811
Group 1 • Alkali Metals
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
• Soft, white, shiny metals
• Highly reactive
Group 2 • Alkaline Earth Metals
• White and malleable
• Reactive, but less than Alkali
metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
• Reactive metals that
are always combined
with nonmetals in
nature.
• Several of these
elements are
important mineral
nutrients (such as
Mg and Ca)
Groups • Transition Metals
• Good conductors
3-11
• Jewelry (Au, Ag)
• Bond in a variety of shapes &
colors
Uses of Transition Elements
• Chromium’s name
comes from the
Greek word for
color, chrome.
• Many other
transition elements
combine to form
substances with
brilliant colors.
Uses of Transition Elements
• Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid
at room temperature.
• Mercury, which has the
lowest melting point of
any metal (–39°C), was
used in thermometers
and in barometers.
• Mercury is poisonous to living beings.
Uses of Transition Elements
• Most transition metals have higher melting
points.
• The filaments of light bulbs are made of
tungsten, element 74.
• Tungsten has the
highest melting
point of any
metal (3,410°C)
and will not melt
when a current
passes through
it.
Group
13
• Boron Family
• Aluminum
Group
14
• Carbon Family
• Contains elements important
to life and computers.
Group
15
• Nitrogen Family
• Nitrogen & phosphorus
important in living things.
Group
16
• Oxygen Family
Topic: Chemistry
11/17/11
Aim: How are elements classified in
the Periodic Table of Elements?
Do Now:
Identify the group of the periodic
table being described:
a. Salt formers
b. Very reactive metals
c. Group 2
Group
17
• Halogens
• reactive nonmetals
• “salt-former”
• form salts with alkali metals
(sodium)
Uses of the Halogens
Fluorine
Toothpaste
Water
treatment
Non stick
coatings
Chlorine
Water
disinfection
Bromine
Photographic
film
Hydrochloric
acid
Tear gas
Plastics
Flame
retardants
Bleaches
Pharmaceuticals
Iodine
Disinfectant
Halogen lamps
X- ray
diagnosis
Salt additive
Thyroid
treatment
Cancer
treatment
Group
18
• Noble Gases
• Inert Gases
• Very unreactive gases
• Used in lighted “neon” signs
Noble gases glow brightly
when electricity passes
through them and are used as
advertising signs:
• helium glows yellow
• neon glows orange-red
• argon glows pale red at low
pressures, blue at high pressures
• krypton glows bluish-white
• xenon glows blue
Did you hear about the chemist who was reading a book about Helium? He just couldn't
put it down.
Uses for the Noble Gases
• Krypton is used with nitrogen in
ordinary light bulbs because these
gases keep the glowing filament
from burning out.
• Krypton lights are used to
illuminate landing strips at
airports.
• Xenon is used in strobe
lights and was once used
in photographic flash
cubes.
The Periodic Table
Lanthanides and Actinides
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rare Earth Elements
Good conductors
The lanthanides are soft metals that
can be cut with a knife.
All the actinides are radioactive.
Uranium used in nuclear power plants
and nuclear weapons
Plutonium is used as a fuel in nuclear
power plants.
Americium is used in some home smoke
detectors.
Alkali Metals
The Periodic Table
Alkaline Earth Metals
Noble Gases
Halogens
Transition Metals
Lanthanides and Actinides
Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry: Chapter 10
Slide 55 of 35
Review:
1. Explain how the periodic table of elements
is arranged.
2. Elements at the left of the periodic table
are known as ______.
3. Elements at the right of the periodic table
are known as _______.
4. Explain some of the properties of metals.
5. Explain some of the properties of
nonmetals.
6. Explain some properties of noble gases.
Use a periodic table and your knowledge of the
element families to identify each element by name.
1. I am a member of the Carbon family
with 14 electrons.
Silicon
2. I am a transition metal with 79 protons.
Gold
3. I am a member of the Alkali Metal
Potassium
family with 20 neutrons.
4. I am a transition metal with 110
neutrons.
Tungsten
5. I am a member of the Oxygen family
with 16 protons and 16 neutrons.
Sulfur
Use a periodic table and your knowledge of the
element families to identify each element by name.
1. I am a Noble Gas that is found in the
6th period.
Radon
2. I am a member of the Alkaline Earth
family and have 88 electrons.
Radium
3. I am a transition metal that is a
liquid at room temperature.
4. I am a member of the Carbon family
that is found in the 5th period.
Mercury
Tin
Use a periodic table to help you identify each element.
Give its symbol for the answer.
1. I am a member of the Boron
family with 49 protons.
In
2. I have a total of 74 electrons in
an atom.
3. I have an atomic mass of
55.847.
Fe
4. I have 8 neutrons in an atom.
O
W
Use a periodic table to help you identify each element.
Give its symbol for the answer.
5. I have 14 protons, 14 neutrons, Si
and 14 electrons in an atom.
6. I have 99 protons and 99 Es
electrons in an atom.
7. I am a Halogen with 18 Cl
neutrons.
8. I have 20 protons and 20 Ca
neutrons
Use the information provided to answer the questions.
2
He
Helium
4.003
5
B
Boron
10.81
11
Na
Sodium
22.990
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
1. What is the atomic number for
Chlorine?
17
2.What is the atomic mass for 10.81
Boron?
3.How many protons are in an atom
of Na?
11
4.How many neutrons are in an atom 2
of He?
Use the information provided to answer the questions.
2
He
Helium
4.003
5
B
Boron
10.81
11
Na
Sodium
22.990
5. How many electrons are in an
atom of Cl?
6. How many protons and neutrons
would be in an atom of Chlorine?
7. How many neutrons are in an atom
of Na?
8. How many protons and neutrons
are in an atom of Helium?
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
17
35
12
4
Use your knowledge of the relationships in the
periodic table to answer each question.
A B C
D E F
G H I
1. If Element B has 14 protons, how
many would an atom of Element C have? 15
2. If Element D has 22 electrons, how
many would Element F have?
26
3. If Element D has 14 protons, how
many would an atom of Element F have?
16
4. If Element C has 22 electrons, how
many would Element A have?
24
Use the information provided to answer the questions.
1
H
Hydrogen
1.01
3
Li
Lithium
6.94
14
Si
Silicon
28.09
1. What is the atomic number for lithium?
2. How many protons does an atom of Si have?
3. What is the atomic mass for Argon?
4. How many electrons does an atom of H have?
5. How many neutrons are in an atom of Li?
6. How many electrons are in an atom of Si?
7. How many protons and neutrons are in an atom of Argon?
18
Ar
Argon
39.95
The answers are …
1
H
Hydrogen
1.01
3
Li
Lithium
6.94
14
Si
Silicon
28.09
1. What is the atomic number for lithium?
18
Ar
Argon
39.95
3
2. How many protons does an atom of Si have? 14
3. What is the atomic mass for Argon?
39.95
4. How many electrons does an atom of H have?
5. How many neutrons are in an atom of Li?
1
4
6. How many electrons are in an atom of Si? 14
7. How many protons and neutrons are in an atom of Argon? 39.95
Fill in the chart using the information provided.
Element
Atomic #
Atomic
Mass
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Li
3
7
A
B
C
O
8
D
E
8
F
Al
G
27
H
I
13
The answers are …
Element
Atomic #
Atomic
Mass
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Li
3
7
3
A
B
4
C
3
O
8
16
D
8
E
8
8
F
Al
13
G
27
13
H
14
I
13
Fill in the correct number for each letter
using the information provided.
Element
Atomic
Number
Atomic
Mass
# of
Protons
# of
Neutrons
# of
Electrons
Mg
12
24
A
B
C
P
15
D
E
16
F
K
G
39
H
I
19
The answers are …
Element
Atomic #
Atomic
Mass
Mg
12
24
P
15
K
19
G
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
12
A
B
12
C
12
D
31
E
15
16
F
15
39
19
H
20
I
19