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Nuclear Chemistry Ch. 21 Radioactive Emissions Alpha decay – He nucleus 4 2 He What product is formed when radium-226 undergoes alpha decay? What element undergoes alpha decay to form lead-208? Beta particles – created by the conversion of a neutron in the nucleus to a proton and an electron (beta particle); the proton remains in the nucleus while the beta particle is ejected 0 1 e Iodine-131 undergoes decay by beta emission Lead-209 undergoes decay by beta emission Electron Capture An inner shell electron is pulled into the nucleus where it combines with a proton to form a neutron; so atomic number decreases by 1, but atomic mass stays the same Mercury-201 undergoes electron capture Gamma Rays – does not result in a change in the property of the atom 0 0 Atomic number (Z) = number of protons in nucleus Mass number (A) = number of protons + number of neutrons = atomic number (Z) + number of neutrons Mass Number Atomic Number A ZX Element Symbol proton 1p 1H or 1 1 neutron 1n 0 electron 0b 0e or -1 -1 positron 0b 0e or +1 +1 a particle 4He 4a or 2 2 A 1 1 0 0 4 Z 1 0 -1 +1 2 23.1 Learning Check What radioactive isotope is produced in the following bombardment of boron? 10B 5 + 4He 2 ? + 1n 0 Learning Check What radioactive isotope is produced in the following bombardment of boron? 10B 5 + 4He 2 13N 7 + 1n 0 Half-Life Time required for half of any given quantity of a substance to react