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Do Now: Fill in the table below SUBATOMIC PARTICLE LOCATION (in the atom) RELATIVE CHARGE MASS (amu) Proton In nucleus +1 1 Neutron In nucleus 0 1 Electron Outside of nucleus -1 0 (electron cloud) Chemistry 9/17/13 Mrs. Turgeon “Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people.” – Eleanor Roosevelt DO NOW: In your notes, write down everything you know about an atom Chemistry 9/18/13 Mrs. Turgeon “Do what others won’t to achieve what others don’t” – anonymous DO NOW: In your notes, answer: “What does the atomic number of an element represent?” Honors Chemistry 9/18/13 AGENDA 1. Finish POGIL worksheet (15 minutes) 2. Check-in with the class (spokespersons be ready to share your group’s answers) 3. Start Isotopes POGIL YOUR REVIEW OF LIT FOR SCIENCE FAIR IS DUE NEXT WEDNESDAY!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interpretation of a Chemical Formula Sulfuric Acid O O S O H O H H2SO4 Two atoms of hydrogen One atom of sulfur Four atoms of oxygen Models of the Atom e + e e + e + + e +e +e e + e + e Dalton’s model Democritus’s model (1803) (400 B.C.) 1803 John Dalton pictures atoms as tiny, indestructible particles, with no internal structure. 1800 - - - + Thomson’s plum-pudding Rutherford’s model model (1897) (1909) 1897 J.J. Thomson, a British 1911 New Zealander scientist, discovers the electron, leading to his "plum-pudding" model. He pictures electrons embedded in a sphere of positive electric charge. 1805 ..................... 1895 1900 Ernest Rutherford states that an atom has a dense, positively charged nucleus. Electrons move randomly in the space around the nucleus. 1905 1910 1904 Hantaro Nagaoka, a Japanese physicist, suggests that an atom has a central nucleus. Electrons move in orbits like the rings around Saturn. Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 125 1915 Bohr’s model (1913) 1926 Erwin Schrodinger 1913 In Niels Bohr's develops mathematical equations to describe the motion of electrons in atoms. His work leads to the electron cloud model. model, the electrons move in spherical orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus. 1920 1925 1924 Frenchman Louis Charge-cloud model (present) 1930 de Broglie proposes that moving particles like electrons have some properties of waves. Within a few years evidence is collected to support his idea. 1935 1932 James 1940 Chadwick, a British physicist, confirms the existence of neutrons, which have no charge. Atomic nuclei contain neutrons and positively charged protons. 1945 Chemistry 9/20/13 Mrs. Turgeon DO NOW: 1. In your notes: “What does the mass number in the Isotopic chemical Symbol represent?” Chemistry 9/20/13 Mrs. Turgeon Agenda 1. 2. 3. Review Isoptopes Review Atom POGIL Review Beanium Lab Isotopes Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers (because they have different #’s of neutrons) Atomic symbol: Mass # Atomic # Hyphen 11 5 B notation: Boron-11 Fill in the blanks below… = proton A # of Protons 5 5 B = neutron (no electrons shown) # of neutrons 5 6 atomic number 5 5 mass number symbol 10 10 5B 11 11 5B Isotopes - practice Chlorine-37 atomic mass #: #: 17 37 # of protons: # of electrons: 17 # of neutrons: 17 20 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem 37 17 Cl Isotope Worksheet Diagram # Protons # Neutrons Element 2 2 Helium 3 3 Lithium 4 3 Beryllium Symbol Isotope Worksheet Diagram # Protons # Neutrons Element 4 5 Beryllium 6 7 Carbon 7 8 Nitrogen Symbol Isotope Worksheet Diagram # Protons # Neutrons Element 8 7 Oxygen Symbol 9. Which two nuclei are isotopes of each other? Same element, different mass numbers Beanium Lab The 3 Isotopes of Beanium represent the SAME ELEMENT. They are exactly the same except for the number of neutrons! Let’s compare our model (Beans) to a real element (Carbon) Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 Carbon-14 Electrons + + + + Neutrons 8 Protons 6 Electrons 6 + + + Carbon-12 Nucleus Neutrons 6 Protons 6 Electrons 6 + + + + + Nucleus Electrons Carbon-12 Mass # Atomic # 12 6 C Mass # Atomic # 14 6 C Carbon-14 Beanium Lab Let’s do the last problem together. Who wants to share their data? IONS Ions are atoms that have lost or gained electrons. An atom that loses an electron becomes a positive ion (CATION) An atom that gains an electron becomes a negative ion (ANION) EXAMPLES OF IONS 1. 2. 3. A magnesium atom loses two eand becomes… Mg2+ (a cation) A chlorine atom loses two e- and becomes… Cl1- (an anion) When these two ions bond, what compound is formed? Magnesium chloride, MgCl2 (more on this next chapter!) Practice Ions Chart… Ion Symbol Protons Electrons Charge S 2K 1+ Ba 2+ Fe 3+ Fe 2+ F 1O 2P 3- 16 19 56 26 26 9 8 15 18 18 54 23 24 10 10 18 -2 +1 +2 +3 +2 -1 -2 -3 HOMEWORK – Read 4-10 & 4-11 #’s 65-73,80-83 Study for a possible element quiz next week!