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Climate Change Impacts and Urban Migration: Confronting the Looming Crisis Mohammad Zaman, PhD Social Policy/Development Specialist & Executive Director, Society for Bangladesh Climate Justice Vancouver, B.C., Canada e-mail: [email protected]; website: bangladeshcalling.org Rural-Urban Migration: An Overview • Studies on rural-urban migration typically focuses on the slums and bastees, particularly in Dhaka City • The massive demolition of “illegal structures” by the Caretaker Govt. (2006-08) turned out a highly charged political issue due to • Displacement of the urban poor and their resettlement • Vis-a-vis the rising tide of new in-migrants • Today, 1 out of every 3 persons lives in Bastees in Dhaka • Migration to cities will increase manifolds in the future due to climate-induced displacement in Bangladesh 2 The Urban Poor: Issues and Complexities • Issues surrounding the Urban poor are extremely complex – involve • Social, economic, political rights • Provision for security of tenure • Better living environment with adequate services • My paper is not on urbanization per se • Paper addresses risks associated with sea level rise • Population displacement • Involuntary Migration - internal and cross-border • Resettlement and livelihoods 3 Climate Risks – the Scenario • Bangladesh is the epic centre of the climate disaster • Most densely populated deltaic country with low lying coastal zone • About 23%of the country’s area is vulnerable due to sea level rise • If the water level rises by one meter, 30 million people will be displaced by 2030 4 Wide ranging Impacts: Displacement and Migration Risks and impacts are multidimensional – Millions will be displace and forced to move Agriculture, food production, fishery, forestry affected Adverse impacts on human health and well-being • Climate change will make millions homeless and refugees in their own country 5 Key Elements of Environment/Climate Migrant or Refugees • • • • • Involuntary in nature Sudden displacement Lack of preparation No resources People displaced are poor and need urgent support and assistance 6 Is Migration a Climate “Solution”? • Huge migration of rural, climate-induced migration to cities – • Create gigantic problems in all respects • Many difficulties in developing sustainable urban living • Cities in Bangladesh can’t cope with such migration • Need a paradigm shift – • In our approach to planned city • Search for climate solution • Adaptation strategy by GOB won’t be easy or cheaper – awareness, capacity building, housing, shelter, livelihoods must be addressed 7 Future Challenges • First, communities at risks must be mobilized “groundup” thru community-led actions • Second, ground-up must be complemented by integrated approach to floodplain and coastal development • Third, disaster mitigation policies must spend more resources for studying climate “solutions” and promoting indigenous ways to deal with calamities • Finally, a strong, participatory, and responsive local govt system must be ensured for sustainable reconstruction and development in an era of climate change 8