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ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Update on Climate Policy Mark MacLeod ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Climate change is receiving growing attention from media ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE No one seriously questions the science anymore. ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Most Americans think global warming is probably happening . . . Question: Which statement comes closest to your view about global warming: it probably is happening, it probably is not happening, or I don’t know if is happening? 5 Ayres, McHenry & Associates, Inc. | National Survey of Registered Voters | July 9-13, 2006 ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE . . . and that human activity is the cause. Question: If global warming is happening, do you think it is due more to the normal cycles in the Earth’s environment, or more to human activity such as burning fossil fuels? 6 Ayres, McHenry & Associates, Inc. | National Survey of Registered Voters | July 9-13, 2006 ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE But Many Think the Impacts are Remote and in the Future But they are not… ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Business is Becoming More Active ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE 10 ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Principles –We know enough to act –Global problem needs a global solution – US needs to lead to achieve an equitable and effective international policy framework for action by all major emitting countries –Technology is the key to a solution: • A broad platform of technologies exist to reduce emissions, and cost effective deployment needs to be encouraged. • R&D for further advances must have government support –Program must be: environmentally effective, cost effective, fair and encourage early action. ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE What About Congress? In June 2005, 53 Senators voted for a resolution for mandatory controls to slow, stop and reverse GHG emissions 6 Climate Change bills introduced so far in 110th Congress One more tomorrow ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE How do we get there? ? 14 GLOBAL WARMING BRIEFING ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Climate Change Bills of the 110th Congress 1-30-07 Policy D esign Element Status Title Lieberman-McCain S. 280 Olver-Gilchrest H.R. 620 Sanders-Boxer S. 309 Bingaman Waxman Feinstein Electricity S. 317 Filed 1-11-07 Filed 1-24-07 Filed 1-15-07 Discussion Draft 2006 Version Filed 1-17-07 Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act 2012 Climate Stewardship Act Climate and Economy Insurance Act 2012 Safe Climate Act 2012 Global W arming Pollution Reduction Act 2020 The Electric Utility Cap-and-Trade Act 2011 2020: -15% 2050: -65% 2020: -15% 2050: -75% 2020: -15% 2050: -83% 2020: +16% (covered sources) Intensity-based target, continues to rise 2020: -15% 2050: -83% 2020: -8% electricity 2050: -41% electricity 2020: +19% total GH G 2050: +62% total GH G Sectors Electricity, industrial, transportation petroleum Electricity, industrial, transportation petroleum Electricity, motor vehicles, fuel Entities with highest emissions, most costeffective options for reducing emissions Electricity only Mechanism Cap-and-trade Cap-and-trade Cap-and-trade, and performance standards Cap-and-trade Cost Management Allowance banking and borrowing, transition assistance to workers and communities Allowance banking and borrowing, transition assistance to workers and communities Cap-and-trade permitted but not required, and performance standards Transition assistance to workers, communities, companies Fossil fuels: coal mines, refineries, natural gas processors, electricity, carbon-intensive manufacturing “Upstream” cap-andtrade Allowances given to States for purposes including low income energy customers, displaced workers, etc Safety Valve that allows excess emissions for $7 ton CO2 Allowance banking Banking and borrowing, adaptation assistance to workers, communities Limited to 5% set-aside No specific permission May use CDM certified emission reduction No specific permission No specific limitation except for up to 5% forest mgt Up to 25% for affected units, 50% if new D ate 1st Limit Levels (from 2004 net economy-wide aggregate emissions) (also see O ffsets) Threats to Integrity Technology-indexed stop price Paramount importance waiver Establishes standards but no rules for use Agriculture Offsets Limited to 30% which includes International Limited to 15% which includes International International Offsets Additional Limited to 30% which includes Agricultural Limited to 15% which includes Agricultural No specific provision Climate Change Credit Corporation, Expansive Technology Title to fund/support innovation Climate Change Credit Corporation Renewable energy standard – 20% by 2020, energy efficiency standard – approx 10% by 2020, motor vehicle standard, electric generator emissions performance standard, electricity low-carbon portfolio standard 2010 Renewable energy standard – 20% by 2020, energy efficiency standard, motor vehicle standard – no less stringent than CA New coal units have to buy allowances unless they are Advanced Clean Coal Technology ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Items of Interest to Tribes • Provisions to assist communities and workers with adaptation • Opportunities for agriculture to be able to sell carbon sequestration credits • Various incentives/funding for new technology, demonstration projects • Congress is what Congress does… ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE International – Post Kyoto negotiations underway • Negotiators’ goal: No gap in post-2012 carbon market • All eyes on U.S., because if the world’s largest emitter won’t act, developing countries won’t act either • Resolution in Congress for US to engage ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Ideas for Tribes 1. Tribes as Economic Actors 2. Tribes as Stewards of the Land and Leaders in Oral History Traditions 3. Tribes as Political Actors ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Tribes as Economic Actors • create inventories of existing greenhouse emissions sources and registries to record greenhouse gas reductions • get experience with agricultural sequestration projects – including wetlands and grasslands • use contract requirements to minimize methane emissions from oil and gas development • employ economic resources such as windpower on tribal lands ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Tribes as Stewards of the Land and Leaders in Oral History Traditions • creating baseline environmental inventories to document impacts of climate change • collecting in an accessible way (website, recordings, meetings with reporters) personal stories of changes in species experienced, weather patterns, food availability, etc. • highlighting how climate change impacts can affect culture and heritage ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Tribes as Political Actors • create a Tribal Climate Protection Agreement similar to the Mayors’ Agreement • engage with US political leaders • provide input to and support for new international negotiations on global warming pollution ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE Thank You