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Muscular System Vocabulary bi- two -ia condition of -lysis destruction, dissolve myo- muscle -plegia paralysis tri- three tendo- tendon para- lower half fasci- fibrous band Carp – wrist ad- to, toward or near ab- from, away circum- around inter- between, among General Info • Consists of 650 muscles • Muscles are bundles muscle fibers held together by connective tissue Properties • Excitability – Ability to respond to a stimulus such as a nerve impulse • Extensibility – Ability to be stretched • Elasticity – Allows the muscle to return to its original shape after it has contracted or stretched ●Contractibility -Muscle fibers stimulated by nerves contract or become shorter and thicker which causes movement Types of Muscles • Skeletal – Attached to bones and causes movement Cardiac Muscle • Found only in the heart • Contracts to circulate blood Visceral Muscle • Also called smooth • Found in all internal organs Functions of Muscles • Attaches to bones to provide voluntary movement • Produces heat and energy • Helps maintain posture • Protects internal organs Tendons • Strong, tough, connective tissue • One way skeletal muscles attach to bones • Ex: Achilles → Fascia • Tough sheet-like membrane that covers and protects tissue • Ex: back Muscle Actions • Origin – End of the muscle that does not move • Insertion – End of the muscle that does move Muscle Movements • Adduction – Moving a body part toward the midline Abduction • Moving a body part away from the midline Flexion • Decreasing the angle between 2 bones or bending a body part Extension • Increasing the angle between 2 bones or straightening a body part Rotation • Turning a body part around it’s own axis Circumduction • Moving in a circle at a joint while the other end stays stationary Muscle Tone • State of partial contraction • Muscles have some tone at all times Atrophy • Lack of muscle tone • Occurs when muscles are not used for a long period of time they shrink in size and lose strength Contracture • A severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in a bending of a joint • Ex: Foot drop Diseases • Muscular Dystrophy – Group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic progressive muscle atrophy • Fibromyalgia – Widespread pain in specific muscle sites – S/S muscle stiffness, numbness, tingling, pain • Muscle Spasms – Cramps – Sudden involuntary muscle contraction • Strain – Overstretching of or injury to a muscle or tendon
