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What is an Empire? How is it different from a Kingdom? • The political rule of one group of people over other people who may have differing languages and customs. • A kingdom is a smaller political state composed of people who often share a common set of cultural characteristics—it can BECOME an empire… Empire Building • • • • • • • • • Often built through conquest Difficult to organize and sustain Massive bureaucracy needed Language and culture barriers need to be overcome Massive transportation and communication networks needed Long distance trade needs to be regulated Taxes to be collected and legal systems need to be developed Effort and money needed to support and maintain a large military. ALL OF THIS NEEDS TO BE BALANCED IN ORDER TO BE A SUCCESSFUL EMPIRE!!! The Han Dynasty was the first Classical Civilization to fall. Infectious Disease=epidemics •Average farm unable to pay taxes because of practice of dividing it among all sons •Rich got richer, poor got poorer •Poverty and frustration fuels peasant revolts •Gov’t lost tax revenue •Internal competition for power •Increasing independence of Han generals Goths regroup and take their revenge in 378… First time a Roman army is defeated in Roman terr. •Serious economic and political problems •Decline in population due to wars and epidemics •Tax revenues WAY down •Gulf between rich and poor grew •In 330 elites flocked to Constantinople, the new capital. Goths raided Rome was next… 375 CE Huns into frequently. E. Europe and attack Rome Germanic areas. tried to buy them off. Diocletian had tried to save Rome by dividing it in 286 CE