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Transcript
Chapter 19, Section 1 Infectious Disease Monday, April 26, 2010 Pages 592 -- 595 Objectives • Explain the cause of infectious disease and identify the kinds of organisms that cause disease. • Describe the methods in which pathogens enter the body. Vocabulary Words • Pathogen • Infectious disease • Pasteurization How Does a Disease Spread? • Disease is spread through microorganisms. • “Let’s shake hands!” Disease and Pathogens • Organisms that cause disease are called pathogens. • Diseases caused by pathogens are infectious. – Can be passed from one organism to another. – Pathogens harm your body by damaging individual cells. Disease and Pathogens -cont’d • Each infectious disease is caused by a specific pathogen. • There are 4 major groups of human pathogens. – Bacteria – Viruses – Fungi – Protists Bacterium QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Bacterium is unicellular. • Strep throat is caused by a bacterium. Viruses QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Viruses are nonliving and can only reproduce inside living things. • Colds and influenza are examples of diseases caused by viruses. Fungi QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Fungi are primitive vegetables. • Reproduced through tiny spores. • Infections are caused by the spores landing on your skin. • Athlete’s foot is an example. Protists QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Protists are unicellular. • It is parasitic. • Malaria is an example of a disease caused by protists. Pasteurization • Process introduced by Louis Pasteur (soup guy). • It’s a heating process that is used to kill microorganisms. – Juice, milk, etc. Ways Disease Spread • You can become infected by a pathogen in one of several ways: – Person to person transfer – Contaminated objects – Animal bites – Pathogens from the environment Person-to-Person Transfer • Transfer is through direct contact. – Kissing, hugging, shaking hands. • Transfer can also be indirect. – Coughing, sneezing. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Contaminated Objects • External objects are contaminated because some pathogens can live for a short time outside a person’s body. – Food, water, other objects. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Animal Bites • Infected animals can pass on pathogens when they bite another animal or person. – Rabies, Lyme Disease, Malaria QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Pathogens from the Environment • Pathogens from spores that land on you or on the soil. – Examples include tetanus and botulism. – These toxins are extremely powerful. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Review • Name the four kinds of pathogens that cause disease in humans. • Describe the four ways that pathogens can infect humans. • How did Pasteur contribute to our understanding of infectious disease. Homework • Workbook 19.1 (4/27) • Vocabulary quiz 19.1 (4/27)