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Examinations in
neurosurgery
► Radiography
is the study
of X-rays or gamma rayexposed film and is used
to study internal organ
structure.
► Fluoroscopy is used to
demonstrate the motion
of organs when used
with contrast medium.
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Contrast Media
Radiopaque substances
that facilitate roentnen
imaging of the internal
structures
Barium
Iodine
Clients with a history of
allergies to any foods or
drugs (particularly fish or
iodine) may be
predisposed to allergic
reactions to contrast
media.
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Digital flourograph "Renex Flouro"
It is intended for mass preventive examination
of population to identify tuberculosis,
oncological and other lung diseases on the early
stages of their development.
"Renex Flouro" occupies a leading position in
its class supported by the up-to-date
developments and high-tech production quality
of all its components.
"Renex Flouro" consists of high frequency
generator of the accumulating type that allows
hooking up common electricity supply.
The unit provides for:
· Higher diagnostic value of the image
obtained;
· Settle the examination problem of large
population numbers;
· Reduce by over a factor of 5 radiation
exposure of patients;
· Provide with the possibility to diagnose
directly during the examination;
· Hook up common electricity supply 220V 50
hertz;
· Avoid expenditure for films and processing.
Reliable and compact file keeping;
· Provide work capacity with the centralized
remote archives.
Digital radiodiagnostic system with rotary
table-stand KRDC-T20/T2000 RENEX
· RENEX-T20 remote-control diagnostic tablestand with the all-purposed support options of
application (X-Ray examination,
rontgenography, tomography.
· RENEX-AUTO high frequency generator with
self-selection system of different organs
parameters, automatic dose indication of
patient and self-diagnostic system.
· X-ray intensifier with the digital television
system.
· Computer processing and image storing.
KRDC-T20/T2000 RENEX (universal) is an opportunity of multiple view
rontgenoscopy, rontgenography and tomografy
(horizontal and vertical) on single workplaces
set at a time.
Routine diagnostics in the area of digestive
tract, thorax organs and also skeleton, skull.
Advanced study in gynecology, urology and
other areas.
Control of all device functions is performed
from panel booth with its redoubling directly
on the stand.
KRDC-T20/T2000 RENEX (COMBINED/JOINT)
digital radiognostic system with rotary table-stand.
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RENEX-T20 or RENEX-T200
the all-purpose support stand.
► · RENEX-AUTO high frequency
generator.
► · Radiologist and X-ray
laboratory assistant's
automatically fixed work place.
Visualization of the vascular structures
through the use of fluoroscopy with
a contrast medium
► Reveals blood flow to heart, lungs,
brain, kidneys, and lower extremities
► Useful in diagnosing an aneurysm
Ultrasound (echogram) is a
noninvasive study that uses highfrequency sound waves to visualize
deep body structures.
► A transducer emits waves that travel
through the body tissue and are
reflected back to the transducer and
recorded.
► The varying density of body tissues
deflects the waves into a
differentiated pattern on an
oscilloscope.
Portable ultrasound scanner
with full digital beamforming,
affordable 2-D imaging (black &
white), 6.4 inch TFT noninterlaced LCD : 640x480, ASIC
technology, lithium ion battery,
housing: notebook style, CINE,
image storage, imaging
modes:2 D real-time, dual 2D
real-time, 2D/M-mode, Mmode; gray scale: internal 64
levels, external 256 levels;
channels: 16 transmit channels,
32 recieving channels (synthetic
aperture).
► Application: fetal, abdominal,
pediatric, small organ, intravascular, peripheral-vascular,
► muscular-skeletal, cardiac,
trans-rectal, trans-vaginal
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► MRI
► Noninvasive
procedure that places the client
in a magnetic field instead of ionizing
radiation
► Provides contrast between normal tissue
and pathologic tissue
► Evaluates lesions and changes in the body’s
organs, tissues, vascular, and skeletal
structures
► Nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) is a
physical phenomenon based upon the magnetic
properties of an atom's nucleus. All nuclei that
contain odd numbers of nucleons and some that
contain even numbers of nucleons have an
intrinsic magnetic moment. The most commonly
used nuclei are hydrogen-1 and carbon-13,
although certain isotopes of many other elements
nuclei can also be observed. NMR studies a
magnetic nucleus, like that of a hydrogen atom
(protium being the most receptive isotope at
natural abundance) by aligning it with a very
powerful external magnetic field and perturbing
this alignment using an electromagnetic field. The
response to the field by perturbing is what is
exploited in nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging.
► NMR
spectroscopy is one of the principal
techniques used to obtain physical,
chemical, electronic and structural
information about a molecule. It is the only
technique that can provide detailed
information on the exact three-dimensional
structure of biological molecules in solution.
Also, nuclear magnetic resonance is one of
the techniques that has been used to build
elementary quantum computers
► Use
radionuclides
(nuclear scanning) to
image the morphologic
and functional changes
in the body’s structure
► Reveal congenital
abnormalities, lesions,
skeletal changes,
infections, gland, and
organ enlargement
► Visualization
of a body
organ or cavity
through a scope
► A light at the end of
the scope allows the
practitioner to assess
for lesions and
structural problems.
► Lumbar
puncture (spinal
tap) is the aspiration of
CSF from the
subarachnoid space.
► To obtain a pressure
measurement when
blockage is suspected
► During a myelogram
► To instill anesthesia,
antibiotics, or
chemotherapy