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6.2 - The Transport System The heart and the blood Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves and the route of blood through the heart. http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/1097.jpg Pulmonary 14 artery Blood to the lungs Vena Cava 10 Aorta 13 Semi lunar 12 valves Blood from the body Right Atrium Atrio11 Ventricular Tendon valves Right Ventricle Blood to the body Blood from the lungs Left Atrium Left Ventricle There Now is test one yourself….. vein not labeled - Which one? http://leavingbio.net/CIRCULATORY%20SYSTEM/CIRCULATORY%20SYSTEM_files/image014.jpg http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/oxford/Oxford_Sports/0199210896.valve.1.jpg State that the coronary arteries supply heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. The heart muscle needs its own supply of oxygen and nutrients to pump properly. Although its chambers are full of blood, the heart receives no nourishment from this blood. The heart receives its own supply of blood through a network of arteries known as the coronary arteries. The heart is such an important organ that it must receive the freshest most oxygenated blood possible. So the coronary artery is the very first branch of the aorta. http://www.communitymemorial.com/pics/services/CoronaryArteries.jpg Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves. 1.Schwup - Diastole The heart fills. the muscles of the Atria and ventricles both relax by relaxing they draw blood into heart. To stop back flow into the aorta and the pulmonary artery the semi-luna valves shut. The AV valves open allowing blood into ventricles. 2. Lub- Atrial systole Both atria contract valves in the venacava and pulmonary vein stop back flow. Blood gets pushed through AV valves to ventricles 3. Dub - Ventricular systole Ventricles contract pushing blood to the lungs and body. Semi lunar valves open and AV valves shut. Outline the control of the heartbeat in terms of myogenic muscle contraction, the role of the pacemaker, nerves, the medulla of the brain and epinephrine (adrenaline). Take a look at this clip from Indiana Jones and the temple of doom movie….the one where the bad guy pulls the still beating heart out of one of his slaves…… The ability of the heart to continue beating without any input from nerves or other chemicals is called myogenic muscle contraction. How does a myogenic beat work? Sino Atrial (SA) Node or Pacemaker Atrio-ventricular (AV) Node Atrio-ventricular valves – separates the atria from the ventricles Septum – divides the heart in 2 Purkinje fibres http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/1135/Links/Animations/Flash/0027-swf_conducting_sys.swf Chemicals (hormones) and the heart • Look at this car commercial…. What happened to your pulse rate? Why? Adrenaline speeds up the heart beat – gets more oxygen to the muscles. Click on the coloured boxes to see effects The Accelerator Nerve can speed up the heart beat. Pacemaker Sino-Atrial Node A heart has a normal myogenic beat of 60 to 70 beats per minute The Vagus Nerve can slow down the heart beat. Explain the relationship between the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins. Compare the thickness of the elastic layers. What do veins have that arteries don’t have? Compare the size of the lumen. Capillaries • Main function is to deliver nutrients and oxygen to all the cells in the body…….. ….so it has to spread out a lot,….. ….have thin walls to allow easy diffusion,... ….be leaky to allow the dissolved nutrients to get to and surround the cells. http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/organs/Blood_vessels.html http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/assets/learn_its/alevel/biology/transport/transport-in-mammals/2008-01-22_102830.gif What have we just found out? • Why do arteries have thick elastic walls? Arteries work at high pressure. They have to resist this pressure at the moment of ‘squeeze’ and return it to the blood in between the squeezes. • Why do veins have to have valves in them? Veins work at low pressure. They have to work against gravity. The valves stop the blood from falling back down to the feet in between pumps. • Why are capilliaries so small and why do they have such thin walls? Diffusion is faster over short distances and larger surface areas. State that blood is composed of plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes (phagocytes and lymphocytes) and platelets. White blood cells - leucoocytes Red blood cells - erythrocytes Platelets State that the following are transported by the blood: nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, antibodies, urea and heat. Function Transport of nutrients Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Hormones Antibodies Urea Heat Which part of the blood does it? From: To: