Download Heart - Quia

THE HEART
THE HUMAN HEART
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Acts as a pump
Is made of muscle (called
cardiac muscle)
Beats about 70 times a
minute
Is surrounded by a tough
membrane called the
pericardium
Is divided into 4 chambers
CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

Atria
 Two upper heart
chambers
 Receive blood from
veins as it returns
to the heart
 Pacemaker : area
of right atrium that
regulates heartbeat
CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
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Ventricles
 2 lower heart
chambers
 Pump blood to
arteries ,away
from the heart
Heart Structure
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Septum – separates
the right and left side
of the heart to prevent
the mixing of
oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood
HEART STRUCTURE
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Valves: the heart has
valves to prevent the
backflow of blood
HEART STRUCTURE
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Pulmonary arterycarries deoxygenated
blood from heart to the
lungs
Pulmonary vein –
carries oxygenated
blood from lungs to
the heart
HEART STRUCTURE
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Aorta – carries
oxygenated blood
from the heart to all
parts of the body
WARNING!
The
next slide is a
little gory!!!
HEART STRUCTURE
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Superior Vena Cavacarries deoxygenated
blood back to the
heart from upper body
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Inferior vena cava –
carries deoxygenated
blood from the lower
body to the heart
HEART STRUCTURE
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Coronary arteriessupply the heart
muscle with
oxygenated blood
HEARTBEAT CYCLE
sequence of heart action
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Diastole- period of
relaxation, atria and
ventricles fill with
blood
Systole- period of
active contraction
BLOOD PRESSURE
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Is the force exerted by
blood on artery walls
Systolic pressure force in arteries when
ventricles contract
Diastolic pressureforce in arteries when
ventricles are filling
Normal blood pressure
is 120/80
HEART SOUNDS
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“Lub-Dub”
Lub – shutting of valves as ventricles
contract (valves to atria)
Dub- shutting of valves as ventricles relax
(valves to lungs and aorta)
Malfunctions
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Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)condition of increased arterial pressure
throughout heartbeat cycle, may be
caused by stress, diet, smoking, etc.
Atherosclerosis (Hardening of the Arteries)narrowing of arteries due to deposits of
fatty materials such as cholesterol and
along the vessel walls. Less blood (less
oxygen) is able to travel through the
smaller openings
Malfunctions
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Heart Attack (Myocardial infarction)Damage to heart muscle caused by lack of
blood flow (oxygen) due to total blockage of
a coronary artery
Malfunctions
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Anemia- blood disorder characterized by
decreased amount of RBC or hemoglobin
or iron deficiency resulting in a decreased
ability to transport oxygen
Leukemia- cancer which causes an
increased production of nonfunctional white
blood cells
Malfunctions
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Sickle Cell Anemia- Genetic disorder
causing production of misshapen RBC,
sickle-shaped cells carry less oxygen and
clump in capillaries
Hemophilia- genetic disorder which results
in the blood’s inability to properly clot due
to missing clotting factors
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Angina- pain radiating from chest into the
shoulder and arm and is caused by
reduced blood supply to heart muscle