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The heart 1
The heart
The heart 2
What you will learn about
in this topic:
1. The heart
2. The heart as a double pump
3. The circulatory and pulmonary
systems
The heart 3
Learning objectives
By the end of this presentation you
should be able to:
• Understand how the heart and the
circulatory and plumonary systems
work
• Describe the heart as a double pump
• Explain why systems are important to
athletes
The heart 4
The circulatory system
The circulatory system involves
the heart, blood vessels and blood
itself. These are the three essential
components the body needs to
survive.
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The circulatory system is made up
of two separate circuits that blood
travels through: the pulmonary
circuit and the systemic circuit.
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This is a double circulatory
system and blood passes through
the heart twice.
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The functions of the
circulatory system
Oxygen and nutrients are
transported to parts of the body,
while waste or toxic products are
removed.
The balance of nutrients keeps the
body functioning properly.
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The body relies on these actions to
stay alive.
The circulatory system controls
body temperature. The body is
affected by changes to temperature,
so keeping it in an acceptable range
keeps the body functioning properly.
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The circulatory system also helps
protect the body; antibodies in the
blood fight disease and platelets
help to clot the blood at the source
of a cut to prevent other germs
entering the body.
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Task 1
Create prompt cards by writing
down the main functions of the
circulatory system on A6 size cards.
Make sure they are neat and
concise. They will help you to revise
later on!
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Aorta
Superior
vena cava
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
veins
Left atrium
Right atrium
Semi-lunar
valve
Mitral value
Tricuspid value
Septum
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
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On heart diagrams, red arrows
usually denote the arteries, showing
oxygenated blood.
Blue arrows usually denote the
veins, showing deoxygenated blood.
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Task 2
1. Draw a copy of the heart diagram
and label it.
2. Show the flow of blood through
the heart on your diagram. Use
colour (red and blue) to show
where the blood is oxygenated
and deoxygenated.
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The heart as a pump
The heart acts as
a pump in the
double circulatory
system.
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When the heart beats (contracts) it
is called systole. This action forces
blood through the arteries around
the body.
When the heart relaxes it fills with
blood returning from the veins. This
is called the diastole or diastolic
phase.
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The pulmonary circuit carries
deoxygenated blood from the heart,
from the right ventricle, to the
lungs, via the pulmonary artery; the
blood is then oxygenated (carbon
dioxide is removed from the blood in
the lungs).
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The heart 19
The oxygenated blood is then taken
from the lungs, via the pulmonary
vein, and taken to the left atrium of
the heart (oxygen is taken up by the
haemoglobin in red blood cells).
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The heart 21
The systemic circuit carries
oxygenated blood from the heart,
pumped from the left atrium to the
left ventricle into the aorta, to the
rest of the body so it can use the
oxygen.
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Deoxygenated blood is then taken
back from the body to the right
atrium of the heart via the vena
cava.
The cycle then starts over again.
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The heart 25
The heart
The heart has four chambers. The
two atria collect blood and the two
ventricles pump the blood out of
the heart.
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Deoxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood
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The right side of the body pumps
deoxygenated blood (blood with no
oxygen in it) to the lungs.
Oxygenated blood
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The left side pumps oxygenated
blood (blood with more oxygen in it)
from the lungs to the rest of the
body.
Deoxygenated blood
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The septum divides the left and
right sides of the heart so that
oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood do not mix.
Septum
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The left ventricle wall is thicker than
the right side. It is more developed
as it pumps blood further around
the body.
Left ventricle
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Sets of valves are positioned in the
heart to stop the backflow of blood.
Semi-lunar valve
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Task 3
Draw a diagram in your work book
showing the pulmonary and
systemic systems.
Clearly label your diagram.
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Task 4
As a class, discuss why you think
the circulatory system is important
to sportspeople.
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Exam questions
1. Which of the following best describes
the pulmonary circuit?
A. Heart – pulmonary arteries – lungs –
pulmonary vein – heart
B. Heart – aorta – lungs – pulmonary vein –
heart
C. Heart – pulmonary arteries – capillaries –
lungs – pulmonary vein – heart
D. Heart – pulmonary arteries – lungs – vena
cava – heart
The heart 35
What you have learnt
in this topic:
1. The heart
2. The heart as a double pump
3. The circulatory and pulmonary
systems
4. Functions of the circulatory system
The heart 36
Learning objectives
You should now be able to:
• Understand how the heart and the
circulatory and pulmonary systems
work
• Describe the heart as a double pump
• Explain why systems are important to
athletes