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Heart Anatomy <3
Benish Islam
Coordinator/ Lecturer Surgical IPMS
MKU
Fibrous and serous pericardium
Surfaces of heart
Surfaces of heart
 Sternocostal surface: formed by rt. Atrium and rt. Ventricle
which are separated by arterioventricular groove.
Rt. Border:rt. Atrium , Lt border: lt atrium and part of
lt.auricle. Rt and lt ventricle separated by interventricular groove.
 Diaphragmatic surface: Formed by rt.and lt. ventricles.
Separated by post. Interventricular groove.
Inf. Surface of rt. Atrium into which inf. Vena cava opens is also
involved
 Base of heart: post. Surface. Formed by lt. atrium,4 pulmonary
veins opens here.
 Apex of heart: formed by lt. ventricle, directed downward
forward to left. Lies at level of 5th intercostal space. Its 3.5 inch
away from midline. Apex beat palpated in living patient.
Chambers of heart
• Rt Atrium
• Rt. Ventricle
• Lt. Atrium
• Lt Ventricle
Rt. Atrium
 Consist of main cavity
 Small put pouching-auricle
 At junction of rt. Atrium
and rt. Auricle there is
vertical groove Sulcus
terminalis, which on
inside form a ridge,
Crista terminalis.
 Part of trium in front of
ridge is rough or
trabeculated by muscle
fiber bundles, musculi
pectinati.
Openings into rt. Atrium
 Superior vena cava: opens into upper part of rt. Atrium
(returns blood to heart from upper half of body)
 Inf. Vena cava: opens into lower part of atrium (returns blood
to heart from lower part of body)
 Coronary sinus: Drains blood from heart wall,opens to rt.
Atrium between inf. Vena cava and arterioventricular orifice.
 Rt. Arterio ventricular orifice: anteriot to vena cava and
guarded by Tricuspid valves
Rt. ventricle
 Wall of rt. Ventricle is much thicker than atrium.
 Ventricle wall has projecting ridges,trabeculae carnea which
has 3 types:
1.Papillary muscles,Chordae tendineae (Fibrous chords)
2.Moderarotor band (part of conducting system)
3. Prominent ridges
 Tricuspid valve: guards arterio ventricular orifice,3 cusps
formed by endo metrium.
 Pulmonary valve: pulomnary orifice.
 At root of pulmonary trunk: dilations called aortic valve.
Aortic Valve
Lt. Atrium
 Consist of main cavity and lt. auricle
 Forms grater part of base of posterior surface
 Openings: total 4 pulmonary veins,2 from each lungs.
 Left atrioventricle is guarded by mitral valve
Left ventricle:
 It communicates with lt. atrium through atrioventricular
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orifice.And with aorta throug aortic orifice.
Part of ventricle below the aortic orifice called aortic
vestibule.
Mitral valves guards atrio ventricular orifice.it has 2 cusps ie.
anterior and posterior.
Aortic valve at aiotic orifice.
Behind each cusp aortic wall buldges to form aortic sinuses.
Anterior aortic sinus gives origin to coronary artery
Lt. post. Sinus gives origin to lt. coronary artery.
Conducting system of heart
 Normal heart rhythm: 70-90 beats per minute
 Contraction rhythm starts spontaneously in conducting
system and impulse travels to different regions in heart.
 Atria (together) contracts first with a slight delay followd by
ventricle contraction.
 Conducting system comprises special cardiac muscle present
in sinuatrial node,aterioventricular node, atrioventricular
bundle.
 Purkinje fibers ( specialised muscle fibre from coducting
system)