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Latin 3 Honors
Spring Semester Exam Review
May
2011
Stages 28-34
1. Name the parts of speech and define each.
Noun – names of things
Pronoun – takes the place of a noun
Adjective – defines a noun or pronoun
Adverb – describes the action of a verb
Verb – shows action or state of being
Preposition – expresses relationship between 2 nouns
Conjunction – joins two sentences or phrases
Interjection – an exclamation
2. Name the 5 noun cases and the uses
of each
• Nominative - subject, PN, PA
• Genitive - shows possession
• Dative - indirect object
• Accusative - direct object
• Ablative - special uses
3. How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?
Drop the
GENITIVE
SINGULAR
ending
4. How do you tell the declension to
which a noun belongs?
• Look at the
• GENITIVE SINGULAR
•1st = -ae
•2nd = -i
•3rd = -is
th
4 =
-us
th
5 = -ei
5. What are the 1st declension noun
endings?
puella
puellae
puellae
puellam
puellā
puellae
puellarum
puellis
puellas
puellis
6. What are the 2nd declension noun endings?
amicus(puer,vir)
amici
amico
amicum
amico
amici
amicorum
amicis
amicos
amicis
7. What are the 3rd declension noun endings?
mater
matris
matri
matrem
matre
matres
matrum
matribus
matres
matribus
8. How can you recognize a masculine, feminine, neuter noun in the 5 declensions?
masculine
1st declension: P*A*I*N words
2nd declension: -us, -er, -ir in nominative singular
4th declension: -us in nominative,
except domus, manus, etc.
5th declension: almost all are feminine
except dies
feminine
1st declension: almost all except P*A*I*N words
4th declension: domus, manus
neuter
2nd declension: -um in nominative singular
3rd declension: -e, -al (mare, animal)
4th declension: -u in nominative
(3rd declension is more difficult to tell)
9. State the “overriding” rule of neuter
nouns.
Neuter nouns always have the same
spelling in the nominative and
accusative cases.
Neuter nouns always end in “-a” in the
nominative and accusative plurals.
10. Decline a 4th Declension Noun
Masculine
portus
portūs
portuī
portum
portū
portūs
portuum
portibus
portūs
portibus
10. Decline a 4th Declension Noun
Neuter
cornu
cornūs
cornū
cornū
cornū
cornua
cornuum
cornibus
cornua
cornibus
11. What are some fine points to remember
about the 4th Declension Nouns?
Most –us 4th declension nouns are masculine,
except for feminine nouns domus and manus.
Most masculine nouns in 4th declension are
made from the fourth principal parts of verbs.
4th declension nouns ending in -u in the
nominative are neuter.
12. Decline a 5th Declension Noun
diēs
diēi
diēi
diem
diē
diēs
diērum
diēbus
diēs
diēbus
13. What are some fine points to
th
remember about 5 declension nouns?
All 5th declension nouns are feminine
except for dies and its compounds
There are no neuter nouns in the 5th
declension.
There are no adjectives in the 5th
declension.
14. Pay special attention to:
dative indirect object
Quintus rosam Metellae dedit.
dative of advantage
Metella Felici togam invenit.
dative object of special verbs
Caecilius Holconio favit.
15. In what ways do Latin nouns and the
adjectives which modify them agree?
• Adjectives and the nouns they
modify always agree in gender,
number, and case.
• The endings may not have the
same spelling, but they are from
the same gender, number and case
locations on the endings charts.
16. What are the singular 1st and 2nd
declension adjective endings?
masculine
singular
feminine
neuter
malus
mali
malo
malum
malo
mala
malae
malae
malam
mala
malum
mali
malo
malum
malo
17. What are the Plural 1st and 2nd
declension adjective endings?
masculine
mali
malorum
malis
malos
malis
plural
feminine
malae
malarum
malis
malas
malis
neuter
mala
malorum
malis
mala
malis
18. Decline a
rd
3
Declension Adjective
singular
celer
celeris
celeri
celerem
celeri
celeris
celeris
celeri
celerem
celeri
celere
celeris
celeri
celere
celeri
18. Decline a
rd
3
Declension Adjective
plural
celeres
celerium
celeribus
celeres
celeribus
celeres
celerium
celeribus
celeres
celeribus
celeria
celerium
celeribus
celeria
celeribus
19. What are the 3 degrees of
adjectives [and adverbs]?
•positive
happy
•comparative happier
•superlative happiest
20. Give an example and translation of
a regular adjective in the 3 degrees.
clarus,-a,-um
clear
clarior, clarius clearer
clarissimus,-a,-um
clearest
(1st & 2nd Declension)
21. Give an example and translation of
a regular adjective in the 3 degrees.
celer, celeris, celere swift
celerior, celerius swifter
celerrimus,-a,-um
swiftest
(3rd Declension)
22. How is a 1st & 2nd declension
adjective made into an adverb?
•find the stem and add
“e”
•clarus: clare
•pulcher: pulchre
23. Give examples of irregular adjectives in the
comparative and superlative degrees.
bonus
melior
optimus
good
better
best
malus
peior
pessimus
bad
worse
worst
magnus
maior
maximus
great, large
greater, larger greatest, largest
parvus
peius
minimus
small
smaller
smallest
24. How is a 3rd declension adjective
made into an adverb?
•find the stem and
add “ter” or “iter”
•celer: celeriter
•acer: acriter
25. Give an example and translation of
a regular adverb in the 3 degrees.
clare clearly
clarius more clearly
clarissime most clearly
26. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees.
(positive degree ends in “r”)
celeriter swiftly
celerius more swiftly
celerrime most swiftly
27. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees.
(stem changes)
magne greatly
maius more greatly
maxime very greatly
28. Write the principal parts of porto,
name the principal parts, find and name
the stems, and show which tenses can
be formed onto each stem.
present
indicative
porto
present
infinitive
perfect
indicative
perf. pass
participle
portare portavi portatus
present
perfect
imperfect
29. How do you recognize the conjugation
to which a verb belongs?
Conjugation
1st Prin. Pt
2nd Prin. Pt
1st …………… -o ……. -are
2nd …………… -eo ……. -ēre
3rd ………….. -o ……. -ere
rd
3 ………….... -io .……. -ere
th
4 ……………. -io ……. -ire
30. Write the principal parts of the following verbs:
porto, video, duco, capio, audio
porto portare
portavi portatum
video videre
vidi
visum
duco ducere
duxi
ductum
capio capere
cepi
captum
audio audire
audivi auditum
(see next 4 slides for close-ups)
present indicative (column 1)
porto
video
duco
capio
audio
present infinitive (column 2)
portare
videre
ducere
capere
audire
perfect indicative (column 3)
portavi
vidi
duxi
cepi
audivi
perfect passive
participle(column 4)
portatus,-a,-um
visus,-a,-um
ductus,-a,-um
captus,-a,-um
auditus,-a,-um
(Review of last 4 slides)
31. Write the principal parts of the following
verbs:porto, video, duco, capio, audio
porto
video
duco
capio
audio
portare
videre
ducere
capere
audire
portavi
vidi
duxi
cepi
audivi
portatum
visum
ductum
captum
auditum
32. How do you recognize the present tense?
•verb looks more like
the 1st principal part
•present stem + regular
personal endings
33. Write the regular active personal endings
o,m- I
s - YOU
t - HE, she,
mus - WE
tis - Y’ALL
it
nt - THEY
34. What do you have to remember about
the agreement between verbs and their
subjects?
A verb and its subject agree in
person and number
35. How do you translate the present
tense (porto)?
I carry
I am carrying
I do carry
36. Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense:
porto, video, duco, capio, audio
singular plural
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
(see next 5 slides for conjugations)
porto I carry
porto
portas
portat
st
1
Conjugation
portamus
portatis
portant
video I see
nd
2
Conjugation
video videmus
vides videtis
videt vident
duco I lead
rd
3
Conjugation
duco ducimus
ducis ducitis
ducit ducunt
capio
I take
rd
3
io Conjugation
capio capimus
capis capitis
capit capiunt
audio I hear
th
4
Conjugation
audio audimus
audis auditis
audit audiunt
37. Give the principal parts of the irregular
verbs: sum, possum, volo, eo, and fero.
sum, esse, fui possum, posse, potui volo, velle, volui eo, ire, ii(ivi), itum
fero, ferre, tuli, latum
38. Conjugate the irregular verbs in the present tense.
sum
possum
volo
eo
fero
See the following 5 slides
sum I am
sum
es
est
sumus
estis
sunt
possum I am able
possum
potes
potest
possumus
potestis
possunt
volo I wish
volo
vis
vult
volumus
vultis
volunt
eo
eo
is
it
I go
imus
itis
eunt
fero
fero
fers
fert
I bear, bring
ferimus
fertis
ferunt
39. How do you recognize the imperfect tense?
“ba”
just before the ending
(=present stem + “ba”
+ personal endings)
40. How do you translate the imperfect
tense (portabam)?
I was carrying
I used to carry
I kept on carrying
41. Give examples of imperfect tense verbs.
•
•
•
•
•
•
ambulabam – I was walking
portabamus – we were carrying
videbat - he was seeing
ducebant – they were leading
capiebas – you ware taking
audiebatis – you all were hearing
42. Conjugate sum in the imperfect tense.
eram - I was eramus - we were
eras - you were eratis - y’all were
erat - he was erant - they were
43. How do you recognize the
perfect tense?
•perfect stem
•any one of the
perfect endings
44. Write the perfect personal endings.
i -I
imus - we
isti -you istis-y’all
it-he,she,it ērunt -they
45. How do you translate the perfect tense
(portavi)?
I carried
I have carried
I did carry
46. Give the perfect tense forms of several regular and
irregular verbs. Use the third person singular.
porto --- portavit
video ---vidit
duco --- duxit
capio ---cepit
audio --- audivit
sum --- fuit
possum --- potuit
volo --- voluit
eo --- iit (ivit)
fero --- tulit
47. Define:
Active Voice – subject does
the action of the verb
Passive voice – subject
receives the action
of the verb
48. Give the Passive Personal Endings.
-r
-ris
-tur
-mur
-mini
-ntur
Which tenses use these endings?
Present, Imperfect, Future only
49. What is the major difference between
active and passive Latin verb forms in the
present, imperfect, and future tenses?
*The use of either the active personal endings or the
passive personal endings makes these verbs either
active or passive.
*There are a few stem vowel changes, such as in the
Future tense of 1st and 2nd conjugations,
2nd person singular:
Vocaberis, moneberis
50. Conjugate porto in the present
passive (indicative) tense.
portor
portaris
portatur
portamur
portamini
portantur
51. Conjugate porto in the imperfect
passive (indicative) tense.
portabar
portabaris
portabatur
portabamur
portabamini
portabantur
52. Conjugate porto in the future
passive (indicative) tense.
portabor
portaberis
portabitur
portabimur
portabimini
portabuntur
53. How is the passive voice formed in the
perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses?
Perfect Passive Participle + a form of sum:
Perfect Tense
= PPP + sum in the present tense
Pluperfect Tense
= PPP + sum in the imperfect tense
Future Perfect Tense
= PPP + sum in the future tense
54. Conjugate porto in the Perfect
Passive (indicative), with English
portatus sum
portati sumus
I have been carried
we have been carried
portatus es
you have been carried
portatus est
he has been carried
portati estis
you all have been carried
portati sunt
they have been carried
55. Conjugate porto in the Pluperfect
Passive (Indicative ) with English
portatus eram
portati eramus
I had been carried
we had been carried
portatus eras
portati eratis
you had been carried
portatus erat
he had been carried
you all had been carried
portati erant
they had been carried
56. Conjugate porto in the Future Perfect
Passive (Indicative) with English.
portatus ero
I shall have been carried
portatus eris
you will have been carried
portatus erit
he will have been carried
portati erimus
we shall have been carried
portati eritis
ya’ll will have been carried
portati erunt
they will have been carried
57. What are deponent verbs?
Give some examples and translations.
Deponent verbs are passive in form,
but active in meaning.
A deponent verb can be recognized
in the vocabulary by its –or ending
st
in the 1 principal part.
58. What is an infinitive?
It is a verbal that is translated using
“to” plus the verb meaning
59. What is a participle?
*A participle is an adjective made from a
verb, retaining attributes of both.
*As a verb, it has tense & voice; it may
take an object, and it may be
modified by adverbs.
*As an adjective, it has gender, number and
case, even degree, and it modifies a noun or
substantive.
60. How do you recognize the Present Active Participle?
What are the possible translations?
Present stem of the verb with “-ns” or “-nt” + 3rd
declension endings
portans – nominative
portantem – accusative, as with other cases
carrying, while carrying
61. Decline the present active
participle of the verb porto.
portans
portantis
portanti
portantem
portante
(neuter)
portantes (portantia)
portantium
portantibus
portantes (portantia)
portantibus
62. How do you recognize the Perfect Passive Participle?
How do you translate it?
The perfect passive participle is the 4th principal
part of a verb. There are no special signals for
this one. 1st & 2nd declension endings are used.
(Deponent verbs do not have a perfect passive
participle – they have a perfect Active participle,
which is their third and last principal part.)
portatus – having been carried
63. How do you recognize the Future Active Participle?
How do you translate it?
The future active participle is the
perfect passive participle “stretched”:
participial stem + “=ur” plus 1st and
nd
2 declension endings.
portaturus – about to carry
64. How do you recognize the Future Passive Participle?
How do you translate it?
By what other name is it called?
B
y
The future passive participle has the
present
stem of the verb plus “-nd” and
w
h 1st and 2nd declension endings.
a
t
o
t
h
e
r
Portandus – to be carried
It is also called the gerundive.
65. What is the Gerundive?
The gerundive is the future passive participle.
66. What is the Passive Periphrastic?
Give an example and translate it.
Include the Dative of Agent.
Passive periphrastic is the gerundive (future
passive participle) + a form of sum.
It denotes necessity or obligation
portandum est – It has to be carried
Dative of Agent – who does the action
mihi portandum est – It has to be carried by me.
(I have to carry it.)
67. What is the ablative absolute?
Give examples and translations.
An ablative absolute is a Latin phrase that is loosely connected to its
sentence, giving “background” information. It may be set off by
commas, and does not modify any other word in the sentence. The two
primary words of the construction are in the ablative case.
Noun and participle:
arcu dedicato, with the arch having been dedicated
Two nouns:
Cogidubno rege, with Cogidubnus the king
Noun and adjective:
populi irati, with the people angry
68. How is the Present Passive Infinitive formed?
Give an example from each conjugation.
Present infinitive with final “-e” changed to ‘=i”
portare (to carry) becomes portari (to be carried)
For third conjugation, the “=ere” is changed to “-i”
mittere ( to send) becomes mitti (to be sent)
See following slide for examples in each conjugation
68. Examples in each conjugation
1st conjugation – portare becomes portari
2nd conjugation – videre becomes videri
3rd conjugation – ducere becomes duci
3rd io conjugation – capere becomes capi
4th conjugation – audire becomes audiri
69. Notice the subjunctive verb forms.
Present
Imperfect
portet ** videat, ducat, audiat
portaret
(present infinitive +endings)
Pluperfect
portavisset
(perfect stem + isse + endings)
Future Perfect portaverit **
** not covered before stage 35 in the Cambridge series
70. Look over the subjunctive clauses:
Purpose
Result
Indirect Question
Indirect Command
Cum Circumstantial
See next slide for examples
70. Subjunctive Clauses
Purpose
amici ad urbem ambulant ut spectaculum viderent.
Salvius Memorem misit qui regem interficeret.
Result
tam peritus erat tibicen ut omnes eum laudarent.
Indirect Question
Romani nesciebant quot hostes manerent.
Indirect Command
senex deam Sulem oravit ut morbum sanaret.
Cum Circumstantial (cum meaning “when”)
fur, cum amuletum e fonte extraxisset, attonitus erat.
71. What is a preposition?
A preposition indicates
the relative position
between its object and
another noun in the
sentence.
72. What two cases do the Latin
prepositions govern?
•accusative
•ablative
73. List several prepositions and give their
meanings and the case each governs.
•+ the Accusative:
•ad - toward
•trans - across
•post - behind
•ante - in front of
74. List the Accusative Constructions
and give an example of each.
Duration of time:
tres horas ambulaverunt.
Place to which:
domum redierunt.
75. List several prepositions and give their
meanings and the case each governs.
•+ the Ablative:
•ab - away from
•e,ex - out of
•cum - with
76. List the Ablative Constructions and give an
example of each.
Means (What is used to carry out the action of the verb.)
Salvius pugione vulneratus est.
Manner (How the action of the verb was carried out.)
Cephalus venenum magnā cum curā paravit.
Accompaniment (Who was with whom.)
Cogidubnus cum Salvio dicebat.
Time (When something happened)
Quintus in Londinio quarto die pervenit.
Agent (Who carried out the action of a passive verb.)
cena a Grumione cocta est.
77. Distinguish between
in + the ablative case and
in + the accusative case
• + the Ablative
at rest
&
Accusative:
motion
•in -in
into
•sub - under up under
78. Decline the personal pronoun in
1st, 2nd, 3rd person. Give the English
meaning of each Latin word.
•see next slides
1st,
79. Decline the personal pronoun in
2nd, 3rd person.
Give the English meaning of each Latin word.
singular
plural
nom. ego - I
gen. mei - of me
nos - we
nostrum, nostri - of us
dat. mihi - to/for me
acc. me - me
abl.
me - by/with me
nobis - to/for us
nos - us
nobis - by/with
us
80. the personal pronoun in
singular
plural
nom. tu - you
gen. tui - of you
vos - you
vestrum, vestri - of you
dat. tibi - to/for you
acc. te - you
abl.
2ndperson..
te - by/with you
vobis - to/for you
vos - you
vobis - by/with
you
81. 3rd person personal pronoun
singular
is
eius
ei
eum
eo
ea
eius
ei
eam
ea
id
eius
ei
id
eo
81. 3rd person personal pronoun
plural
ei
eorum
eis
eos
eis
eae
earum
eis
eas
eis
ea
eorum
eis
ea
eis
82. Decline hic, and give the English
hic haec
huius huius
huic huic
hunc hanc
hoc hāc
hoc
hi
hae haec
huius
horum harum horum
huic
his
his
his
hoc
hos has
haec
hoc
his
his
his
This
83. Decline ille, and give the English
ille
illius
illi
illum
illo
illa illud
illius illius
illi
illi
illam illud
illā illo
illi
illorum
illis
illos
illis
That
illae
illa
illarum illorum
illis
illis
illas
illa
illis
illis
84. Know the “indeclinables”: -que,
et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne,
num, nonne…etc
• -que - and
• et - and
• sed- but
• tamen - nevertheless
• autem – however
84. Know the “indeclinables”: -que,
et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne,
num, nonne…etc
•
•
•
•
•
igitur – therefore
postquam - afterwards, after
-ne =a ?-mark
num - expects a “no” answer
nonne - expects a “yes” answer
85. Know the “?-words”. quis, quid, ubi, quo,
unde, quando, quot, cui, quocum, cur, etc...
• quis - who
quot - how many
• quid - what
cui - to whom
• ubi - where, when cur - why
• quo - to where quando - when
• unde- from where
• quocum - with whom
86. Be able to recognize and
translate the vocative case noun.
• Marcus:
Marce
• filius:
fili
• Caecilius: Caecili
• meus:
mi
87. Be able to recognize and translate
the imperative mood verb.
• voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum
•voca!
call!
•vocate! you all call!
(87. Negative Commands)
nolo in the imperative mood
+ infinitive of the action
= do not wish (to___ )
Singular: noli dicere
Plural: nolite dicere
88. Remember the special forms:
placet + dative case
placetne tibi?
- que
pueri puellaeque
89. Please gather up your old
vocabulary pages and worksheet
pages. Study the meanings of the
Latin words and the English words
derived from them.
90. Make a list of the characters you have met
since stages 28 through 34
and write few notes about each.
91. Look over the culture information
in the worksheet packets.
92. Study the culture topics:
Archeological and Literary Evidence
Inscriptions
Origins of Rome
Roman Forum
Masada
Roman Engineering
City of Rome
Roman Society
Roman Beliefs
Roman Entertainment
Freedmen and Freedwomen
93. Practice translating the stories in stage 34.
You will have to translate on the final exam.
Fortunam bonam habeas!
---Magistra