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The verb of a sentence
expresses an action or simply
states a fact.
Verbs that simply state a fact
are often called state of being
verbs or verbs of existence.
Examples of action verbs:
HUG
SMILE
BLOW
RUN
EAT
CRY
Examples of verbs of
existence:
Am, are, can, could, do, does, did, have, had,
has, is, shall, should, may, might, must, was,
were, will, would, be, being, been
These 23 verbs are also helping verbs.
Contractions:
Contract means to draw
together, so contractions draw
together two words to make
one word. We do this by
dropping some letters and
inserting an apostrophe were
the letters are missing
Do + not = don’t
They + are = they’re
It + is = it’s
I + would = I’d
Where + is = where’s
Will + not = won’t
Sometimes two or more words
make up a verb phrase. The
last word in a verb phrase is
called the main verb. The other
words are called helping verbs.
For example:
Verb phrase = helping verb + main verb
Should go = should + go
Has been giving = has been + giving
Will be leaving = will be + leaving
What is the verb phrase in the sentence,
“That window must have been broken by a
rock”?
In regular verbs, the past and
the past participle are the
same. The past tense is
formed by adding ed to the
verb.
Bark = barked
Irregular verbs do not add ed to
the past tense. Usually the
past tense and the past
participle form are not the
same.
Speak - Spoke - Spoken
Direct Objects receive the
action of the verb.
For example: He threw a ball. What did he throw?
What received the action of being thrown?
Sentences that have direct objects have transitive
verbs because the verb has transferred action to an
object.
Sentences without direct objects have intransitive
verbs because action is NOT being transferred.
Let’s try a few:
Sally grabbed the
broom from me.
Transitive or Intransitive
The cat ran up the
tree.
Transitive or Intransitive
A sentence may contain more the one
direct object. What compound direct
objects are in the following sentence:
The toddler chased the dog
and cat around the house.
Indirect objects receive the direct
objects. In order to have an indirect
object in a sentence, there MUST be a
direct object; however, a sentence
containing a direct object does not have
to contain an indirect object. Compound
indirect objects may occur in sentences.
Can you find the direct and indirect objects in these
sentences?
Bill baked my mother
some brownies.
Did they send the winner
flowers?
Some verbs are just confusing.
To sit means to rest.
To set means to place or put.
Set requires a direct object.
The librarian (sit or set) the
books down.
Because books is the
direct object, the answer
has to be set. If “placed”
can be inserted for “set,”
use a form of to set.
To rise means to go up (without help).
To raise means to go up (with help).
Raise
requires a direct object. To raise implies with help.
The sourdough bread is
(rising, raising).
There is no direct object
so the answer has to be
rising.
To lie means to rest or recline.
To lay means to place or put. To lay will have a direct object.
Lie/lay is very difficult to understand since the past tense of to
lie is the same as the past tense of to lay. Go figure???? Just
remember that laid will always have a direct object.
A pig is (lying, laying) in
the mud.
There is no direct
object in the sentence
so the answer has to
be lying.
Linking verbs DO NOT SHOW ACTION.
They link the subject with a noun
(predicate nominative) or adjective
(predicate adjective).
The following is a list of linking verbs: to
feel, to taste, to look, to smell, to
become, to seem, to sound, to grow, to
remain, to appear, to stay, and to be (am,
is, are, was, were, be, being, been).
To check if a verb is serving as a linking verb, replace the
verb with a form of “to be.” If the sentence makes sense and
the meaning is not changed, the original verb is serving as a
linking verb.
Example: Joe seemed
was
angry today.
In this sentence, seemed is a linking verb.
Present Tense:
Singular: is (The boy is nice)
am (I am here)
Plural: are (The classes are interesting)
Past Tense:
Singular: was (The boy was nice; I was here.)
Plural: were (The classes were interesting)
A predicate nominative is a noun
that is the same as the subject of
the sentence.
What is the predicate nominative in the following
sentence?
My best subjects are history and math.
Hint: Inverse the sentence to read, “History and math are my best
subjects.”
Try this one:
Did your nephew become a
doctor?
A predicate adjective is a describing
word that occurs AFTER the verb and
goes back to describe the SUBJECT of
the sentence.
For example:
My wagon is red.
Try this one:
Cheddar cheese tastes
is good.
Some verbs can serve as both linking and action
verbs.
Action:
was the soup.
Joan tasted
Linking:
was good.
The soup tasted
Subject-Verb Agreement: If the subject is
singular, the verb must also be singular. If the
subject is plural, the verb must also be plural.
For example:
The dog (swim, swims) in the pool.
The dogs (swim, swims) in the pool.
If a compound subject is joined by or, follow these rules:
1) If the subject closer to the verb is singular, add s to the verb.
2) If the subject closer to the verb is plural, don’t add s to the verb.
For example: His daughters or son (need, needs) a ride home.
His son or daughters (need, needs) a ride home.
Tenses mean time. Present tense, of course, signifies present
time. Present tense NEVER uses a helping verb.
So, is the following sentence written in
present tense?
The puppy is sleeping.
No! Remember, present tense does not use a helping verb. This is actually
progressive tense; we’ll get to it soon.
Past tense indicates time that has occurred. Past
tense does not use a helping verb either.
Is the following sentence written in past tense?
The frog has hopped away.
No! Remember, past tense does not use a helping verb. This is actually
perfect tense; we’ll get to it soon.
Future tense indicates time yet to occur. There are
two verbs used with future tense: shall and will.
Will can be used with any subject, but shall goes
with the pronouns I and we.
Is the following sentence written in future tense?
It will probably rain tomorrow.
Yes! It includes the helping verb will.
The perfect tense uses the past participle form of
verbs.
Perfect tense = a form of to have + past participle
Present Perfect: have or has + past participle
Past Perfect: had + past participle
Future Perfect: will have + past participle
Confused yet?
What tense?
John has read fifty books.
Present perfect
I have seen him.
Present perfect
They had known it.
Past perfect
We will have gone there.
Future perfect
The progressive tense uses the present participle
form of verbs.
Progressive tense = a form of to be + present
participle
Present Progressive: am, is, or are + present participle
Past Progressive: was or were + present participle
Future Progressive: will be + present participle
Still confused?
What tense?
John is watching television.
Present progressive
I am yelling at him.
Present progressive
They were viewing, too.
Past progressive
We will be leaving soon.
Future progressive
Stay tuned for a verb review in the
near future! If you have questions,
please come in before school or
during study hall to seek clarification.