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Transcript
The perfect tense
(Le Passé Composé)
1- Use and formation
2- Perfect with Avoir
3- Perfect with Etre
4-Time expressions
V. Passerat
1-Use and formation
• This tense is used to describe a
single completed action in the past.
• It needs 2 parts: the auxiliary verb
(avoir or être in the present) and the
past participle.
V. Passerat
Regular past participles
• The past participle of a verb is the form
that generally corresponds to the –ed
ending in English (played, changed,
finished…)
• -ER verbs end in –é (manger
mangé)
• -RE verbs end in –u (vendre
vendu)
• -IR verbs end in –i (finir
fini)
V. Passerat
2-Avoir verbs
• Most verbs use the auxiliary avoir .
• The endings always stay the same.
J’ai
Tu as
Il, Elle, On a
Nous avons
Vous avez
Ils, Elles ont
-ER
REGARDER
regardé
regardé
regardé
regardé
regardé
regardé
-RE
VENDRE
vendu
vendu
vendu
vendu
vendu
vendu
V. Passerat
-IR
FINIR
fini
fini
fini
fini
fini
fini
Irregular past participles
Avoir (j’ai eu/I had), être (j’ai été/I was),
faire (j’ai fait/I did), peindre (j’ai peint/I painted).
Ending in “it”:
dire (j’ai dit/I said)
écrire (j’ai écrit/I wrote)
Ending in “ert”:
offrir (j’ai offert/I offered)
ouvrir (j’ai ouvert/I opened)
Ending in “is”:
mettre (j’ai mis/I put)
prendre (j’ai pris/I took)
promettre (j’ai promis/I promised)
remettre (j’ai remis/I put back),
V. Passerat
Ending in “u”:
boire (j’ai bu/I drank), connaître (j’ai connu/Iknew),
courir (j’ai couru/I ran), devoir (j’ai dû/I had to),
disparaître (j’ai disparu/I disappeared), lire (j’ai
lu/read), pleuvoir (il a plu/It rained), pouvoir (j’ai
pu/I could), recevoir (j’ai reçu/I received), savoir
(j’ai su/I knew), tenir (j’ai tenu/I held), vivre (j’ai
vécu/I lived), voir (j’ai vu/I saw), vouloir (j’ai voulu/I
wanted).
V. Passerat
3- Etre verbs
• There are some verbs that use the
auxiliary être.
• In that case, the past participle
agrees with the subject (masculine,
feminine, singular or plural endings).
V. Passerat
Je suis
Tu es
Il,Elle, On est
Nous sommes
Vous êtes
Ils, Elles sont
-ER
-RE
-IR
ALLER
allé(e)
allé(e)
allé(e)
allé(e)s
allé(e)(s)
allé(e)s
DESCENDRE
descendu(e)
descendu(e)
descendu(e)
descendu(e)s
descendu(e)(s)
descendu(e)s
PARTIR
parti(e)
parti(e)
parti(e)
parti(e)s
parti(e)(s)
parti(e)s
V. Passerat
List of Etre verbs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Monter
Rester
Venir
Arriver
Naître
Sortir
Tomber
Rester
Aller
Mourir
Partir
Entrer
Descendre
(to go up)
(to stay)
(to come)
(to arrive)
(to be born)
(to go out)
(to fall)
(to stay)
(to go)
(to die)
(to leave)
(to enter)
(to get off/go down)
monté(e)(s)
resté(e)(s)
venu(e)(s)
arrivé(e)(s)
né(e)(s)
sorti(e)(s)
tombé(e)(s)
resté(e)(s)
allé(e)(s)
mort(e)(s)
parti(e)(s)
entré(e)(s)
descendu(e)(s)
V. Passerat
Reflexive verbs
• All reflexive verbs use the auxiliary être in the
perfect tense.
Se lever (to get up)
Je me suis levé(e)
Tu t’es levé(e)
Il,Elle,On s’est levé(e)
Nous nous sommes levé(e)s
Vous vous êtes levé(e)(s)
Ils,Elles se sont levé(e)s
V. Passerat
4- Time expressions
•
•
•
•
•
L’année dernière (last year)
Avant-hier (the day before yesterday)
Hier (yesterday)
Hier matin/soir (yesterday morning/evening)
Pendant les dernières vacances (during the last
holidays)
• La semaine dernière (last week)
• Le week-end dernier (last week-end)
V. Passerat