Download Phrases and Clauses

What are they??? How are they different???
THE MAIN DIFFERENCE
 Phrases DO NOT have a SUBJECT and a
VERB!!!
 Clauses have BOTH a SUBJECT and a
VERB.
Four Types of Phrases
 REMEMBER…NO SUBJECT AND VERB
 Prepositional Phrase
 Participle Phrase
 Infinitive Phrase
 Noun Phrase
#1: Prepositional Phrase
 = a preposition + a noun (and any
modifiers)
 In the following example, the preposition is
in red and the noun is in green (along with
any modifiers):
 from the house during the movie
 behind a rock
about his messy room
 around the track near the field
#2: Participial Phrase
 A participle is a verb used as another
part of speech.
 Participles are easy to recognize: they
end in –ing or –ed.
 For example: running water, baked
potato, loving husband, loaded weapon
 More examples: looking closely, staying
up all night, studying English, working
out
#3: Infinitive Phrase
 To + verb = Infinitive Phrase
 If you have ever studied a foreign
language, you may remember that
verbs are always studied with the
infinitive first!!!
The Infinitive Form
to love (the infinitive form)
I love
We love
You love
You love
He/she/it They love
loves
The Infinitive Phrase (cont’d)
 The infinitive phrases begin with the
infinitive form of the verb.
 Examples
 To run a mile
 To start over
 To do homework all night
 To win the contest
 To wake up early
#4 Noun Phrases
 Adjective + Noun = Noun Phrase
 The tall building
 A smoky, crowded room
 Fussy, half-naked toddlers
 Nests of yellow and red striped snakes
—Don’t Mix These up!!
 It is fairly easy to identify the different
types of phrases, except for those
beginning with “to.”
 To run a mile (infinitive)
 To the football stadium (prepositional)
 To finish my homework (infinitive)
 To the teacher
Three Types of Clauses
 REMEMBER: HAVE BOTH A SUBJECT
AND A VERB!!!
 Independent clauses
 Dependent clauses
 Relative clauses
Independent Clauses
 Have a subject and a verb and can stand
alone.
 Another word for an independent clause
is main clause or sentence.
 Examples
 The doctor finished the examination.
 Students leave the campus when class is
over.
Dependent Clauses
 Dependent clauses have subjects and
verbs but they cannot stand alone!!!
 Dependent clauses usually begin with
subordinating conjunctions such as
although, because, when, since, if,
unless (etc.)
 Examples:
 Because I left early
 If we find my notebook
Dependent Clauses (cont.)
 Dependent clauses require a complete
thought to make them complete!!!
 Written alone, dependent clauses create
suspense for what is about to come…like
a “cliffhanger” in a story…
 Because a rattlesnake has made a home
under our bed…
Dependent Clauses (cont.)
 Because a rattlesnake has made a home
under our bed… (dependent clause)
 We purchased coyote to live with us.
(independent clause).
 Because a rattlesnake has made a home
under our bed, we purchased coyote to
live with us.
Examples of Dependent Clauses
 Although I spent three hours studying,
 Because the children had hidden the key,
 If students sign-up early,
 Unless the weather prevents travel,
 When everyone finished dinner,
 After the schedule is published,
 (Note how each of these requires something to follow
it!)
Relative Clauses
 Relative clauses are easy to recognize because
they begin with who, which, or that.
 They are not questions, but are parts of
sentences.
 Mike, who usually finishes first, was
unable to out run me.
 Pasta, which is included in most diets,
has a lot of carbohydrates.
 The toys that the dog chewed up must be
thrown out!!
--DON’T MIX THESE UP!
 The words before and after can appear in
either prepositional phrases or
dependent clauses.
 Prepositional phrase: after the
storm/before the alarm
 Dependent clause: after the storm
ended/ before the alarm rang
Phrase Review
 Prepositional—above the clouds/near
my house/along the shore
 Participial—leaving work early/sleeping
until noon/celebrating the
holidays/filled with liquid
 Infinitive—to walk the dog/to play the
piano/to watch the television
 Noun—a blue glass/ fifty wild iguanas
Clause Review
 Independent Clause /Main Clause—
(Sentence) Broccoli is my favorite food.
 Dependent Clause– Because broccoli is
my favorite food (needs a thought to
complete it!)
 Relative Clause—Broccoli, which is my
favorite food, is tasty.
YOU DID IT!!!!!