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Vapor Sensors Using Olfactory Proteins Coupled to Carbon Nanotubes Mitchell Lerner, Brett Goldsmith, Joe Mitala, Bohdana Discher, Paul Rhodes, A.T. Charlie Johnson University of Pennsylvania APS March 2010 Biological Olfaction Mammal Types of Olfactory Receptor Cells Human 350 Mouse 1000 Rat 1500 Dog 1100 http://nobelprize.org/ • Number of discernable smells is much greater than the number of types of olfactory receptor cells (350 sensor types detect >10,000 odors for humans) Experimental Objective • Integrate biology with nanotechnology http://nobelprize.org/ Nanotube Transistors • Use standard techniques to construct state of the art CNT transistors Nanotube Functionalization Olfactory receptor Bare Nanotube Diazonium NTA NHS EDC protein saltin micelles Experimental Design: Attachment • Confirmation of protein attachment to nanotubes 1mm Reproducible Sensing blue arrow – inert gas flush green arrow – eugenol exposure • curves from 3 experiments showing a reproducible response to eugenol for mOR174-9 • mOR 174-9 responds to eugenol in vivo Sensor Timing • experiment showing a response to cyclohexanone for mOR 256-17 • mOR 256-17 responds to cyclohexanone in vivo • Initial response k-1 3s, secondary response is 30s • Recovery k-1 is 30s. Concentration Dependence • experiments showin responses for mOR 203-1 • mOR 203-1 responds to 2-heptanone in vivo • fMRI studies show identical responses to 2-heptanone and n-amyl acetate in mice Each of the three proteins gives a different set of reproducible, concentration dependent responses mOR 256-17 mOR 174-9 mOR 203-1 Summary • We reproduced many properties of biological sensing in an electronic device. • Proteins are maintaining some features found in vivo • First use of G-protein coupled receptors in electronic sensors • Potential for application in hazardous material detection and pharmaceutical testing Acknowledgements DARPA RealNose Project Evolved Machines Paul Rhodes, Sam Khamis, Ryan Jones Johnson Group - Penn A.T.Charlie Johnson, Brett Goldsmith, Mitchell Lerner, Ye Lu Discher Group - Penn Bohdana Discher, Joe Mitala Brand Group - Monell Joe Brand, Jesusa Josue, Alan Gelperin Sliger Group - UIUC Stephen Sliger, Tim Baybert Luetje Group - UMiami Chuck Luetje