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Islamic Civilization Introduction Chapter Introduction This chapter will introduce you to Islamic Civilization. You will learn about the origins and beliefs of Islam, the rise of Muslim empires, and the achievements of Muslim cultures. Section 1: Origins of Islam Section 2: The Beliefs of Islam Section 3: Muslim Empires Section 4: Muslim Achievements Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization myStory Ibn Battuta’s Voyage Why did Ibn Battuta leave his hometown? How long had Ibn Battuta been traveling by the time he returned to Tangier? Explain. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization myStory Ibn Battuta’s Voyage What did Ibn Battuta do in Cairo, Jerusalem, and Medina? Ibn Battuta’s Actions in . . . Cairo Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Jerusalem Medina Islamic Civilization myStory Ibn Battuta’s Voyage How were Ibn Battuta’s visits to Medina and Mecca similar? Medina Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Shared Mecca Islamic Civilization myStory How are religion and culture connected? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam How does geography help communities grow? New Ideas Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Effects Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam Academic Vocabulary revelation—n., message, usually one believed to come from God Many people believe that their religious leaders have experienced revelations from God. migration—n., moving to a new place Every year there is an enormous migration from north to south during cold weather. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam Key Ideas People began practicing Islam in Arabia, a large peninsula covered mostly by harsh desert. The prophet of Islam was Muhammad, who preached his beliefs to the people of Mecca, his hometown. Muhammad moved from Mecca to the city of Medina, where he built up the Muslim community. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam Key Terms oasis—a place in a desert where water can be found, usually from a spring Bedouins—Arab nomads who lived in desert areas Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam Key Terms Hijra—Muhammad’s migration with his followers from Mecca to Medina Kaaba—A shrine in Mecca that is the most important Islamic holy site Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam What are some features of Arabia’s geography? Arabia is a huge peninsula, south of modern Iraq and across the Red Sea from Africa. Arabia has an extremely harsh environment: mostly desert, a very dry climate, and no permanent rivers. Most people in Arabia lived in areas that got some rain or near oases where water could be found. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam Geography and Culture How might being mostly surrounded by water have affected Arabia? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam Two Ways of Life What are some ways that the lives of nomads and town-dwellers were different? Arabian Ways of Life Nomads Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Town-dwellers Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam The Importance of Muhammad Who do Muslims believe was the prophet of Islam? How did Muhammad feel about Meccan society? How did his actions lead to the rise of Islam? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam The Rise of Islam When did Muhammad preach in Mecca and Medina? Explain the changes. What changes did Muhammad make to Mecca on his return? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam How are religion and culture connected? Origins of Islam Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam How do rituals organize our lives? Daily Rituals Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam Academic Vocabulary interpret—v., to give the meaning of Our teacher helps us interpret the poetry so that we can understand it better. submission—n., giving control over yourself to someone else For Muslims, submission means trying to please God by following his teachings. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam Key Ideas The main sources of Islamic teachings are the Quran and the Sunnah. Islam is a monotheistic religion that requires believers to perform five basic duties known as the Five Pillars of Islam. Prayer and right conduct are important parts of Islamic teaching. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam Key Terms Quran—Islam’s holy book Sunnah—traditions believed by many Muslims to come from the prophet Muhammad Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam Key Terms Hajj—pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca mosque—Islamic house of worship Sharia—Islamic law Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam Sources of Islamic Teachings The Quran • Islam’s holy book; main source of teaching • According to Islam, the record of God’s revelation to Muhammad, compiled by his followers • Written in verse and studied in Arabic by Muslims everywhere The Sunnah • Guidelines for living a proper life, based on the words and actions of Muhammad • Help interpreting the Quran Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam What is the role of scripture in Muslim beliefs? Describe the contents and style of the Quran. How does the Arabic language unite Muslims everywhere? How might widespread literacy contribute to Muslim learning? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam What do Muslims believe about God? Beliefs About God Monotheism Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Submission to God’s Will The Soul and Afterlife Islamic Civilization Origins of Islam Compare and Contrast: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity Three Related Religions Islam Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Judaism Christianity Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam Islamic Beliefs and Rituals What belief about God do Muslims share with Jews and Christians? What are the Five Pillars of Islam? What do Muslims do to follow the Five Pillars? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam What are the Five Pillars of Islam? Pillars of Islam Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam Five Pillars of Islam: Prayer and Pilgrimage Prayer • five times a day, following specific rituals such as washing and facing Mecca • worshipers called to prayer by a muezzin • sometimes at mosques, especially on Fridays Pilgrimage • also known as Hajj, journey to Mecca Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam Where do Muslims live today? In which region of the world are four of the five countries shown on the bar graph located? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam What is the role of law in Muslim life? The Sharia Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam Prayer, Pilgrimage, and Law What features do most mosques share? What important ritual do Muslim pilgrims perform at the Kaaba? How might rules for proper behavior help people resolve family issues and do business? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Beliefs of Islam How are religion and culture connected? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Why are some leaders so appealing and popular? Reasons for Popularity Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Academic Vocabulary devotion—n., dedication, loyalty My cat shows her devotion by sleeping at the foot of my bed each night. circumstance—n., condition Everyone wondered about the mysterious circumstances behind his disappearance. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Key Ideas After converting to Islam, the Arabs conquered many lands and built a huge empire in a very short span of time. Muslims became divided over the issue of who should follow Muhammad as the leader of the Muslim community. After the Arab Muslim empire collapsed, Muslim empires including the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires rose up. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Key Terms caliph—title meaning “successor” in Arabic; used by leaders of the Muslim community who followed Muhammad Sunni—member of an Islamic religious group that supported Abu Bakr as the first caliph and now forms a majority of the world’s Muslims Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Key Terms Shia—member of an Islamic religious group that supported Ali as the first caliph and now forms a minority of the world’s Muslims sultan—title for the ruler of a Muslim country Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Political and Cultural Influence Muslim armies conquered Arabia and many nearby lands Arab Muslims brought their religion and their Arabic language to conquered lands. In some places, Islam spread quickly and, in others places, it spread more slowly. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Where was the Arab Muslim empire? In what directions did the Arab Muslim empire mostly spread? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires What helped the Arab Muslim empire spread? Reasons for success Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Muslim Society Which were the highest and lowest social groups in early Muslim society? How were the roles of women in early Muslim society different from those of men? Describe the early Muslim view toward Jews and Christians. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Arab Muslim Dynasties Umayyad Dynasty • 1661–750 A.D.; capital in Damascus (now in Syria) • Took the Arab Muslim empire to its greatest size, stretching from Spain to Persia • Its size led to interaction between Arab Muslims and other conquered cultures Abbasid Dynasty • 750–1258 A.D.; capital in Baghdad (now in Iraq) • Built a center of art, learning, and science in Baghdad Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Non-Arab Muslim Dynasties Ottoman Empire • 1299–1923 A.D.; centered in modern-day Turkey • Ruled by Turks who originally came from Central Asia • Powered by a strong military Safavid Dynasty • 1502–1736 A.D.; centered in Persia, which today is called Iran • Made Shia Islam the official religion in Persia • Persian culture continued alongside Islamic culture Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Muslim Empires How did the Arab Muslim empire change under the Umayyads? What was a key achievement of the Abbasid caliphate? Describe the ethnic identity of the Ottoman empire. How did the Safavids change Islam in what is now Iran? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires Islam Spreads Islam in India Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Empires How are religion and culture connected? How did Muslim empires change over time? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements What makes accomplishments possible? Accomplishments Predictions Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Conditions Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements Academic Vocabulary emphasize—v., to stress, to mark as important You can use capital letters or bold type to emphasize ideas in a letter. concept—n., idea All activities at the festival will relate to the concept of living a healthy lifestyle, including the four kilometer run. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements Key Ideas Cities were central to the economies of Muslim empires, which grew through trade. Art, architecture, and literature flourished under the Muslim empires. Muslims made important advances in mathematics, philosophy, science, and other fields of learning. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements Key Terms textile—woven fabric Sufism—an Islamic lifestyle that emphasizes controlling one’s desires, giving up worldly attachments, and seeking nearness to God Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements Key Terms Arabic numerals—the system of writing numbers we use today Calligraphy—the art of decorative writing Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements Muslim Cities and Trade Cities • Centers of Muslim culture • Supplied traders with products and customers Trade • Used Muslim rule to gain access to parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa, as well as the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean • Encouraged interaction between cultures and the importing of ideas and inventions • Made merchants honored in society Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements The Role of Geography Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements What were some Muslim achievements? Three Areas of Achievement Philosophy Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Medicine Literature Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements How did Muslims view scholarship and learning? How does the building of libraries and academies reveal Muslim views of learning? How are Muslim folk tales and poetry similar? Use Muslim writings in history, geography, folk tales, and poetry to support the statement that Muslim culture valued literature. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements What did Muslims achieve in science and art? Mathematics and Science • Introduced Arabic numerals and the concept of zero to Europeans • Made advances in algebra and chemistry • Developed tools and methods for studying the stars and planets Art and Architecture • Built beautiful mosques and other buildings • Used calligraphy on buildings, textiles, books, tiles and other formats Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements A Great Legacy What does it tell you that we still use words from Arabic in our study of math? How did Muslim decorative styles spread beyond Southwest Asia? Use any of the Muslim-designed buildings discussed in this chapter to support the idea that Muslim architecture has lasting appeal. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements Preserving Ancient Cultures Causes Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Effects Islamic Civilization Muslim Achievements How are religion and culture connected? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.