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Transcript
Gradual Earth Changes Sudden Earth Changes Landforms Natural Resources The Earth 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 The gradual breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by water and wind is called Weathering The movement of weathered particles is called Erosion Small particles of silt, sand, and soil are called Sediment A large mountain of ice that gradually travels downhill, changing the surface of the earth as it goes, is called a Glacier When water gradually wears away rock underground, this can form. A cave (or a sinkhole) The movement of the earth’s plates can cause Volcanoes and earthquakes A mountain that forms as lava flows through a crack in earth’s surface is a Volcano A type of volcano that is made of layers of lava, rock and ash and erupts explosively is a Composite volcano or Stratovolcano The shaking of earth’s surface due to the movement of rock in the crust is An earthquake When great amounts of soil and rock slide down a slope due to water and gravity or an earthquake, it is called a Landslide When two of the earth’s plates meet, sometimes the edges crush and fold. This creates A mountain chain (or mountains) Are landforms usually created by the earth changing rapidly or slowly? Slowly An area with higher land around it, and that stretches between mountains or hills is a Valley The Grand Canyon in Colorado was caused by Water erosion Two landforms caused by the movement of sand and sediment are Deltas and dunes Naturally occurring materials that humans can use for energy, building, growing crops, etc. are Natural resources Natural resources that cannot be replaced are called Non-renewable resources A type of soil that can be used to make bricks and pottery is Clay Sources of energy, such as coal and oil, that come from the remains of ancient oceans or swampy forests are called Fossil fuels Two examples of hard rocks that can be used for building, statues, etc, are Granite and marble Earth has three main layers. They are: The crust, the mantle, and the core The earth’s crust is broken into sections called Tectonic plates (or just plates) Cracks in the earth’s crust are called Faults Melted rock within the earth is called Magma Scientists can predict earthquakes by using an instrument called a Seismograph