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Transcript
Global Shakes: How earthquakes help us understand plate tectonics and identify geohazardous regions of the world Erica Rios, Angie Pettenato, and Shoua Yang COSMOS 2006: Earthquakes in Action Outline What is an Earthquake? Engdahl Centennial Catalog Types of Boundaries Major Trenches Screen Shot Conclusion Acknowledgements Demo What is an Earthquake? An earthquake is a trembling of the Earth's surface Usually caused by stress that is released along the fault lines as pressure builds up over time Shock waves will be generated by the movement of the masses of rock and crust. Engdahl Centennial Earthquake Catalog Contains information on earthquakes recorded around the world Recently updated to include earthquakes from 1900-2002 Complete down to Mw 7.0 between 1900-1964 and Mw 5.5 for 1964-2002 Transform Boundaries http://www.earthscape.org/t1/lic01 /lic01ba.html Plates move horizontally against each other Earthquakes tend to be shallow and small to moderate in magnitude Example: San Andreas Fault in California 1906 San Francisco 1989 Loma Prieta Divergent Boundaries Where plates move apart and away from each other Formation of new crust http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/inter net/geology100/IntroLecture1.htm Earthquakes tend to be shallow to medium depth with lesser magnitudes. Ex) Mid-Atlantic Ridge Ex) East African Rift Zone Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, Horn of Africa Convergent Boundaries http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/inter net/geology100/IntroLecture1.htm Plates move toward each other One plate subducts under another Earthquakes tend to be deep and range all magnitudes Trenches & tsunamis Earthquake struck northeast of La Paz, Bolivia on June 9, 1994 M 8.3 Depth of 636 km Aleutian Trench http://piru.alexandria.ucsb.edu/~g eog3/concept_illus/691_ex.jpg Pacific Plate is subducting under the North American Plate Great earthquake hit Alaska on March 27, 1964 M 9.2 61.4°N, 147.73°W Caused avalanches, landslides, tsunamis, and ground deformations Peru-Chile Trench Located along southeastern Pacific Ocean, about 160 km off the coast of Peru and Chile Result of the eastern edge of the Nazca Plate subducting under the South American Plate Extends 5,900 km and has a maximum depth of 8.1 km Great earthquake struck south of Central Chile on May 22, 1960 http://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/Oceanic_trench M 8.6 Depth of 33 km Java Trench http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java _Trench Located in the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean Trench is a seam between the Eurasian and Indian Plates Extends 2,600 km and has a maximum depth of 7.7 km Major earthquake resulted in the deadly tsunami of December 2004 Visualization Tectonic plate boundaries, colored by type Earthquakes by magnitude Major cities’ populations: 6 million to 12 million Volcanic Hotspots Conclusion Engdahl Catalog: record of earthquakes from 1900 – 2002 Updated the catalog’s 3D scene file with tectonics, hotspots, major cities, undersea trenches Geohazards of living in certain regions of the world Acknowledgment We would like to thank the following people in helping us to complete this project: Allison Jacobs Bridget Smith Debi Kilb Jerry Lederman Benson Shing Andreas Stavridis Jon Deck Works Cited • • • • • • • • http://earthquake/usgs.gov/research/data/centennial.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Trench http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/strike_slip_fault http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_Trench http://www.extremescience.com/GreatestEarthquake.htm http://www.margins.wustl.edu/SF/I-B_M/IZUBonin.html http://www.crew.org/home/eqfacts.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/tectonics/transform. html • http://www.scec.org/core/public/showobject.php/12940 • http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=5424% &archives=true