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Evolving deformation along a transform plate boundary: Example
Evolving deformation along a transform plate boundary: Example

Historical tsunami in the Makran Subduction Zone off
Historical tsunami in the Makran Subduction Zone off

Deliverable 3.2 - version 2 - Website for the dissemination of long
Deliverable 3.2 - version 2 - Website for the dissemination of long

... complemented with the descriptions of the steps that the SHARE catalogue underwent since its first release in April 2011, which are briefly summarized in the following. 1. SHEEC was first released on 13 April 2011, as deliverable D3.2 of the Project. The catalogue was made available as two separate ...
Tohoku Chapter, Architectural Institute of Japan Quick
Tohoku Chapter, Architectural Institute of Japan Quick

... (1) The outflow items were seen to increase beyond the Sendai Tobu Highway, but out flown houses could not be seen in this area (Photos 1 to 3). ...
Maximum Magnitude of Induced Earthquakes in the Groningen Gas
Maximum Magnitude of Induced Earthquakes in the Groningen Gas

Seismicity perspectives - School of Earth and Environment
Seismicity perspectives - School of Earth and Environment

... chamber and associated subsidence‐uplift cycles above it and by lateral migration of earthquake swarms as magma is removed from the chamber and intruded into the rift [Moore and Krivoy, 1964; Brandsdóttir and Einarsson, 1979; Einarsson, 1991; Rubin et al., 1998; Toda et al., 2002]. Elastic models of ...
Tensile Properties of an Engineered Cementitious Composite
Tensile Properties of an Engineered Cementitious Composite

... are available, the use of these molds is only practical for cast ECC mixes as spraying into the ...
Landslides, earthquakes, and erosion
Landslides, earthquakes, and erosion

Uplift and subsidence from oblique slip: the Ganos
Uplift and subsidence from oblique slip: the Ganos

A tale of two beams: an elementary overview of
A tale of two beams: an elementary overview of

... An overview of two types of beam solutions is presented, Gaussian beams and Bessel beams. Gaussian beams are examples of non-localized or diffracting beam solutions, and Bessel beams are example of localized, non-diffracting beam solutions. Gaussian beams stay bounded over a certain propagation rang ...
Practice 3rd Exam Ge..
Practice 3rd Exam Ge..

... ____ 25. Which type of seismic wave has the highest velocity? a. L-wave c. R-wave b. P-wave d. S-wave ____ 26. Earthquake waves that pass through the interior of Earth are termed ____________. a. interior waves c. surface waves b. R-waves d. body waves ____ 27. Surface waves ____________. a. travel ...
Caract´erisation du r´eflecteur sismique en contexte isotrope
Caract´erisation du r´eflecteur sismique en contexte isotrope

Guidelines for Professional Structural Engineering
Guidelines for Professional Structural Engineering

Short-Term Earthquake Hazard Assessment for
Short-Term Earthquake Hazard Assessment for

... The southernmost 200 km of the San Andreas fault in California, from Cajon Pass southeast to Bombay Beach on the Salton Sea (Figure 1), has not produced a major earthquake within the historic record. Both geodetic evidence of continuing strain accumulation (Savage et al, 1986) and the occurrence of ...
Solid Earth The link between great earthquakes and the subduction
Solid Earth The link between great earthquakes and the subduction

Probabilistic prediction of rupture length, slip and
Probabilistic prediction of rupture length, slip and

... relationship between seismic slip and rupture length. We find that the larger the present slip amplitude Dp , the higher is the probability for the continuation of a rupture and the evolution into a ‘Big One’, that is, a long remaining rupture length Lr (Yamada 2007). We also find that the Dp –Lr re ...
Earthquake swarm and b-value characterization of the Yellowstone
Earthquake swarm and b-value characterization of the Yellowstone

... The Yellowstone volcanic field, Yellowstone National Park, is one of the most seismically active areas of the western U.S., experiencing the deadly 1959 M7.5 Hebgen Lake, MT, earthquake adjacent to the 0.64-Ma caldera, as well as more than 30,000 earthquakes from 1973 to 2007. This well-recorded seis ...
natural disasters: earthquakes
natural disasters: earthquakes

... 7.8 earthquake struck the Kathmandu Valley. It was the biggest earthquake in Nepal for over 80 years, since a large earthquake in 1934. The epicentre of the quake was Barpak village, around 75 km north-west of Kathmandu in the Gorkha region. The seismic focus lay at a depth of 10 km, close to the su ...
determination of fault plane orientations from rupture directivity of
determination of fault plane orientations from rupture directivity of

... Wadati [1927], this unexpected result of brittle deformation in a ductile region presents a fundamental problem in geophysics. In view of the discovery of intermediate and deep-focus earthquakes, several physical mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain their occurrence. Proposed mechanisms incl ...
Structure of the Managua graben, Nicaragua, from
Structure of the Managua graben, Nicaragua, from

An Integrative Double Skin Façade Damper System for Structural
An Integrative Double Skin Façade Damper System for Structural

... movements in the outer skin. The DSF dampers can dampen structural vibrations during earthquakes and strong winds without adding extra weight (i.e., separate mass dampers) to the structure. Additionally, by being able to adjust the cavity size between the two skins, ventilation rate can be controlle ...
Earthquake Energy Release Mechanism Ahmed Elgamal
Earthquake Energy Release Mechanism Ahmed Elgamal

... http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/F_Earth_Has_Faults.html ...
An alternative mechanism of pile failure in
An alternative mechanism of pile failure in

... axial and lateral loads, which cause additional bending moments in the pile. These two effects occur with only a small time lag. If the section of the pile is inadequate, bending failure may occur in the pile. The behaviour of the pile at this stage may be approximately described as a beam in an ela ...
The North America±Caribbean plate boundary west of the Motagua
The North America±Caribbean plate boundary west of the Motagua

... These faults are located northwest of the Motagua± Polochic system and they have seismic activity with left- ...
Quantitative analysis of fault zone
Quantitative analysis of fault zone

... with station delay corrections is used to locate events that do not have catalogue locations. The quality of fault zone trapped waves generated by each event is determined from the ratios of seismic energy in time windows corresponding to trapped waves and direct S waves at stations close to and off ...
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Seismic retrofit



Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes. With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers, the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged. Prior to the introduction of modern seismic codes in the late 1960s for developed countries (US, Japan etc.) and late 1970s for many other parts of the world (Turkey, China etc.), many structures were designed without adequate detailing and reinforcement for seismic protection. In view of the imminent problem, various research work has been carried out. State-of-the-art technical guidelines for seismic assessment, retrofit and rehabilitation have been published around the world - such as the ASCE-SEI 41 and the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE)'s guidelines. These codes must be regularly updated; the 1994 Northridge earthquake brought to light the brittleness of welded steel frames, for example.The retrofit techniques outlined here are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe winds from thunderstorms. Whilst current practice of seismic retrofitting is predominantly concerned with structural improvements to reduce the seismic hazard of using the structures, it is similarly essential to reduce the hazards and losses from non-structural elements. It is also important to keep in mind that there is no such thing as an earthquake-proof structure, although seismic performance can be greatly enhanced through proper initial design or subsequent modifications.
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