Download Deliverable 3.2 - version 2 - Website for the dissemination of long

Grant Agreement no. 226967
Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe
Project Acronym: SHARE
SP 1 - Cooperation
Collaborative project: Small or medium-scale focused research project
THEME 6: Environment
Call: ENV.2008.1.3.1.1 Development of a common methodology and tools to evaluate
earthquake hazard in Europe
D3.2 – Updated European earthquake catalogue,
with homogeneous magnitude calibration (v.2)
Due date of deliverable: 30.11.2010
Actual submission date: 13.04.2011
Updated version: 17.01.2012
Start date of project: 2009-06-01
Duration: 36
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV, Milano) and
GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ, Potsdam)
Massimiliano Stucchi, Gottfried Grünthal, Andrea Rovida, Rutger Wahlström
Dissemination Level
PU
PP
RE
CO
Public
Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission
Services)
Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the
Commission Services)
Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the
Commission Services)
x
Foreword
The present version of SHARE deliverable 3.2 is constituted by its first version,
complemented with the descriptions of the steps that the SHARE catalogue underwent since
its first release in April 2011, which are briefly summarized in the following.
1. SHEEC was first released on 13 April 2011, as deliverable D3.2 of the Project. The
catalogue was made available as two separate files:
a) the 1000-1899 portion (SHEEC_1000-1899_v1.xls), published on the Task 3.1
webpage http://www.emidius.eu/SHARE/task3_1/, under the Partner Area section;
b) the 1900-2006 portion (SHARE_20110311.xls) was circulated through emails.
The two portions both covered an area extended from 35°N to 70°N in latitude
and from 15°W to 30°E in longitude.
The description of both catalogues was jointly presented in the first version of the present
deliverable, entitled “D3.2 – Updated European earthquake catalogue, with homogeneous
magnitude calibration (v.1)”. SHEEC version 1 was accompanied by a first completeness
assessment, described in the document SHEEC_completeness_v1.pdf.
2. On 2 August 2011, SHEEC was updated according to the decisions taken at the SHARE
General Assembly (Oslo, 15-17 June 2011) and the feedback from SHARE management
and some of the users. Both the portions of the catalogue were extended to cover area
extended up to 75°N in latitude and from 32°W to 32°E in longitude. The extension to
32°E was performed through a comparison and a merge with the catalogue compiled in
the frame of the EMME Project and in close cooperation with some EMME partners. As
for the 1000-1899 time-window, some of the parameters were revised. A single catalogue
file (SHEEC_v2.xls) for the time-window 1000-2006 was delivered through the Task 3.1
webpage. The changes with respect to the first release were described in a dedicated
document (SHEEC_v2_explanation.pdf). The completeness assessment was also updated,
as described in the document SHEEC_completeness_v2.pdf.
3. On 8 November 2011, the catalogue “EMME NW v1 (1000-2006)” catalogue, covering
the area of Eastern Turkey up to longitude 45°E, was jointly released by SHARE and
EMME partners. Contextually, the Mw values of some earthquakes in Western Turkey
were revised for homogeneity with those of Eastern Turkey. These forced the release of
the third version of the SHEEC 1000-2006 catalogue, which also included the correction
of some inconsistencies in France and Italy, as highlighted by some partners. At that
time, the Area Source Model for Eastern Turkey was still under revision. This implied
that both SHEEC and EMME NW Catalogues were released without the event-AS
association and completeness assessment.
The current versions, SHEEC v3.1 and EMME NW v1, including AS association and
completeness assessment were finally released on 20 December 2011. Three different
files are today available through the Task 3.1 webpage:
a) version 3.1 of SHEEC 1000-2006, up to 32°E (SHEEC_v3.1.xls)
b) version 1 of the EMME NW catalogue (EMME_NW_v1.xls)
c) a
file
that
sums
SHEEC
v.3.1
and
EMME
NW
v.1
(SHEEC_v3.1_EMME_NW_v1_append.xls)
The completeness for the SHEEC v3.1 and EMME NW 1 appended catalogue was
assessed, as described in the SHEEC_completeness_v3.pdf document. A new declustering
was also performed as described in the document SHARE_DeclusteringSHEEC_ver5.pdf.
1
Summary
1. Introduction
p. 2
2. SHEEC 1000-1899
p. 5
3. SHEEC 1900-on
p. 22
List of figures
Fig. A – Distribution of earthquakes in SHEEC 1000-1899
Fig. B - Distribution of earthquakes in SHEEC 1900-on
Fig. 1 – Procedures used for compiling SHEEC 1000-1899 and relationship with AHEAD.
Fig. 2 – Screenshot of AHEAD homepage.
Fig. 3 – Assignment of earthquakes 1000-1899 with MDPs to the calibration regions.
Fig. 4 – Depth distribution of earthquakes 1000-1899, from the catalogues.
Fig. 5 – Mw(Io) relations determined for the calibration regions, compared to the one of
Central Europe by Grünthal et al., 2009b.
Fig. 6 – Distribution of Mw values in SHEEC 1000-1899.
Fig. 7 – Distribution of the Mw, uncertainty values in SHEEC 1000-1899.
Fig. 8 – An example of distribution of Mw and related uncertainty in the Betic region.
Disclaimer
The content of this Deliverable is restricted to the use of the SHARE participants. It can be
improved during the project time life. Comments are welcome.
2
1. Introduction
This Deliverable is the result of the activities of Task 3.1. The participant institutions are:
INGV (coord.), AUTH, NERC-BGS, GFZ, IST, KOERI, NIEP, NKUA, NORSAR/IGC,
ROB, MSO, CRAAG. The allocated manpower is 28 m/p.
"Based on the existing expertise on the retrieval, elaboration and handling of
information on earthquake data, produce a unified, continent-wide dataset of
earthquake data. We will achieve this by blending existing historical datasets and
reassessing calibrated magnitudes with support from several institutions and
national catalogues. The Task will integrate the results of the EC I3 project NERIES
for all European earthquakes with M>5, the result of an on-going project lead by
GFZ to produce a homogeneous catalogue of earthquakes with M>3.5 in the centralnorthern European region, and the homogeneous catalogue produced by EMSC
since 1998 (initiated under the EPSI project). The resulting catalogue will be tested
for completeness through homogeneous procedures”.
During the first, Task 3.1 of the (Potsdam, July 2009) it was decided that:
a)
the compilation of the Deliverable for the time-window before 1900 would build upon
the methodology developed in the frame of the I3 project “Network of Research
Infrastructures for European Seismology” (NERIES), module NA4 “Archive of
Historical Earthquake Data”, under the coordination of INGV, Milan;
b) the compilation of the Deliverable for the time-window after 1900 would build upon the
methodology developed by GFZ for the compilation of the “Central, Northern and North
Western European Catalogue” (CENEC; Grünthal et al. 2009a), under the coordination of
GFZ (Potsdam).
Later it was agreed that for the time-window after 1900 the Deliverable would entirely adopt
the relevant portion of the European Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue (EMEC), which
GFZ is compiling with the same methodology of CENEC, with the exception of the Greek
area, for which the recent version of the catalogue by Makropoulos et al. (2011) has been
selected.
3
Therefore this Deliverable, called “SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue” (SHEEC), is
composed by two parts:
1)
SHEEC 1000-1899, compiled according to the procedures described at section 2;
2)
SHEEC 1900-on, compiled according to the procedure described in Section 3 and
representing a subset of the current EMEC, A substitute with the Greek data received
from Athens on April 1 will follow.
The covered area ranges from Ireland to Western Turkey, 30° East (Fig. A and Fig. B);
Iceland, Azores and N. Africa are not included.
Fig. A – Earthquakes and working area 1000-1899.
4
Fig. B – Earthquakes and working area 1900-on.
Acknowledgements
SHEEC 1000-1899 acknowledges the collaboration of P. Albini, A.A. Gomez Capera, M.
Locati, C. Mirto, D. Viganò, R. Tatevossian, P. Mäntyniemi H. Bungum, R. Musson, P.
Alexandre, T. Camelbeeck, D. Baumont, O. Scotti, B. Glavatovic, M. Radulian, R.
Glavcheva, C. Papaioannou, K. Makropoulos, V. Kouskouna, N. Ozel, P. Gasperini, J. Batllo,
J.M. Martinez Solares, J. Fonseca, S. Vilanova and D. Giardini.
D. Faeh, W. Lenhardt and M. Zivcic supplied the recent versions of their catalogues.
5
2. SHEEC 1000-1899
M. Stucchi and A. Rovida (INGV Milan)
2.1. - Scheme of the work. The working scheme of SHEEC 1000-1899 is presented in Fig. 1,
taken from the SHEEC website http://www.emidius.eu/SHARE/task3_1/, partner area.
On the left side, the scheme of AHEAD (Archive of Historical Earthquake Data), established
and compiled in the frame of the EU project NERIES (2007-2010), NA4 module; now it is
maintained and implemented in the frame of SHARE. In the middle, the laboratory of
earthquake parameters determination. On the right side, the catalogue and the discussion tool.
Fig. 1 – Procedures used for compiling SHEEC 1000-1899 and relationship with AHEAD.
2.2 - Earthquake list and preferred supporting dataset. The earthquake inventory 1000-1899
with the related background dataset was established in the frame of NERIES NA4; it is now
found in AHEAD (http://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/). The user can browse and access the
material available for each event: text of the studies, macroseismic data points (MDPs), etc.
For each event a preferred dataset has been selected in the frame of SHARE according to
general criteria (studies with MDPs are preferable; the number of MDPs can represent a
selection criterion; recent studies are in general preferable unless they represent a clone of the
previous ones, etc.) and a collaborative procedure (discussion with partners, some of them
inserted comments, etc.).
The list of the preferred datasets, to be used for the compilation of the catalogue, was frozen
at the end of 2010. In a limited number of cases the preference was modified later, in the
presence of good reasons. In the first months of 2011 a detailed check of most events, one by
one, lead to the final earthquake list and preference assessment.
6
Fig. 2 – Screenshot of AHEAD homepage.
The final list contains 4482 events. As for the magnitude lower threshold, earthquakes with
initial M presumably larger than 3.5 were considered. This low threshold is available in some
areas of Northern Europe, only.
2.3 - Earthquake parameters. SHARE requires a homogeneous catalogue; that is, that the
energy released by all earthquakes with the same M in Europe is roughly equivalent. In
addition, it requires uncertainty estimates. Unfortunately, national catalogues are compiled in
Europe according to varied, often not repeatable procedures, often without uncertainty
estimates; therefore, the above requirement is not easily fulfilled.
To improve this situation, in the frame of NERIES NA4 three methods (Boxer, Gasperini et
al., 1999; MEEP, Musson and Jimenez, 2008; B&W, Bakun and Wentworth, 1997), which
make use of MDPs and provide repeatable procedures and uncertainty assessment, have been
calibrated in varied regions and then used to determine the parameters of the largest events
with MDPs.
The NERIES NA4 results, acknowledged as a big step forward by the NERIES review panel
(2010), provided some food for thoughts. Actually, the locations and Mw values provided by
7
the three methods were in good agreement in a large number of cases: the gaps among them
could be interpreted as intrinsic uncertainty, providing a good estimate of it. In a few cases
(small datasets, presumed offshore events, etc.) the gaps were large.
Considering the situation, during the July 2010 meeting in Rome, Task 3.1 proposed, in
agreement with Task 3.5, the final catalogue to use all the determinations available for each
event. This proposal was intended to avoid SHARE to miss the opportunity of better
capturing the uncertainty related to location and size of the historical events, contrary to the
way modern approaches to PSHA do with reference to all input data (zonation, Mmax,
seismicity rates, GMPEs, etc.). The SHARE director considered that this proposal was too far
in the future and required one “preferred” determination only, to be released for each event.
The absence of criteria for assessing the “preference”, and the risk of stepping back to local
criteria, stimulated the search for how to blend the need for homogeneous determinations
throughout Europe and the value of some national catalogues. The solution was found
considering some pioneer examples, such as the 2008 version of the Italian Catalogue
(CPTI08, 1901-2006; Rovida and the CPTI Working Group, 2008), which supplies for the
XX century events – when data allow - three determinations (macroseismic, instrumental and
a default one), and the recent catalogue of France (Baumont and Scotti, 2011) which supplies
one Mw value, determined as a density probability function, and related 16th and 84th
percentile values; the same applies to the depth estimates.
In conclusion, each entry of SHEEC 1000-1899 builds – when data allow - upon two datasets:
dataset (i)
a set of parameters determined from MDPs;
dataset (ii)
a set of parameters from one of the most reliable regional catalogues.
The SHEEC 1000-1899 parameters consist of:
•
a set of epicentral parameters: lat, lon, uncertainty (when possible), selected between
dataset (i) and (ii) according to expert judgement;
•
a Mw value and related uncertainty, calculated as weighted mean of dataset (i) and (ii),
when both dataset (i) and (ii) are available, or adopted/obtained from the available one.
2.4 – Parameters from dataset (i): determination from MDPs methods. Out of the 4482
events, 2389 (53%) have at least one MDP. The selected determination (Lat, Lon, location
uncertainty, Mw, Mw uncertainty) is obtained from:
8
a) Boxer 4.0 (model 0, equivalent to v. 3.3), calibrated in varied areas, for onshore events;
b) MEEP, for the UK area;
c) Bakun and Wentworth (B&W) for offshore events, with attenuation coefficients
constrained to the relevant Boxer calibrations.
The choice in favour of Boxer 4.0 (Gasperini et al., 2010), model 0, equivalent to the classic
version of Boxer 3.3, supplying the epicentral uncertainty in addition, came after several trials
of calibration and validation all over Europe, which allowed checking the stability of the
method and related calibrations. In addition, Boxer offers a preliminary model of the
earthquake source for earthquakes with Mw ≥ 5.8.
UK has a number of offshore events in addition to the onshore ones; MEEP performs well
below M6 and gives the best results for this sub-region.
Offshore events cannot be handled by Boxer 3.3; Boxer 4, models 1 to 6, is still a beta
version. MEEP does not perform successfully for Mw > 6. Therefore, B&W was adopted.
As for depth, only MEEP provides a depth between 0 and 20 km, and related uncertainty.
Adopting Boxer 4.0, model 0, implies that no depth will be provided for most events.
2.5 Parameters from dataset (i): calibration regions. The definition of the calibration regions
is a controversial issue, which requires compromising a number of factors including:
•
attenuation characteristics;
•
regional peculiarities of intensity assessment;
•
availability of good calibrating, instrumental data, with special reference to good Mw
range coverage to ensure a reliable sample of calibrating events.
After several attempts performed in the frame of either NERIES and SHARE, the following
regions have been adopted:
1.
Stable continental (SCR), divided into: North, West, East and South-West
2.
Western Alps and Pyrenees (WAP)
3.
Betic (BET)
4.
Apennine, North-Eastern Alps and Dinarides (APD)
5.
Vrancea, deep events (VRD)
6.
Broad Aegean, shallow (BAS)
9
7.
Broad Aegean, intermediate (BAI)
8.
Transform Source Zone offshore Portugal (TSZ).
Fig. 3 show the assignment of the earthquakes with MDPs to the calibration regions.
Calibrating datasets and related coefficients are found in the SHEEC website.
Fig. 3 – Assignment of earthquakes 1000-1899 with MDPs (2389) to the calibration regions.
2.6 – Parameters from dataset (ii): determinations from regional catalogues. The regional
catalogues considered for SHEEC 1000-1899, the calibration regions to which they belong
and the type of size measure used are summarized in (Tab. 1). The complete reference is in
App.1.
10
Tab. 1- Adopted regional catalogues, area covered, calibartion region and size measure.
Catalogue
BAUSC011
BOBAL993
CPTI004
ECOS002
ECOS009
FEN07
GRAL978
GRUAL009
GRUE988
HERA995
KONUL999
KOSH982
LABR995
LEYD986
LNEC986
MAME002
MAMV001
MARLO004
MEID995
MUSA007
MUSS994
NIKON992
OLIAL006
ONAL999
ORB010
PAGA972
PAPA003
POST985
SHAL974
SHELE998
SUKO975
VILFO007
WALGR994
ZAMG010
ZIAL988
ZIVC009
Area
SCR, WAP
SCR
WAP, APD
SCR, WAP
SCR, WAP
SCR
SCR, BAS
SCR
SCR
Size
measure
Mw
Io
Mw
Mw
Mw
Ms, Io
Io
Mw
Io
SCR, APD, BAS
Io
VRD
SCR
SCR
SCR, WAP
SCR, TSZ
SCR, WAP, BET, TSZ
SCR, TSZ
TSZ
SCR
SCR
SCR
SCR
WAP
SCR, VRD
SCR
SCR
BAS, BAI, APD
APD
BAS
SCR, BAS, APD
BAS, APD
SCR
SCR
APD, WAP, SCR
SCR, APD
APD, SCR
Mw
Io
Io
Io
Io, M
Io, Mw
M
Mw
Io
Mw
ML
Io
Io, Mw
Io, Mw
Io
Io
Mw
Io
Io
Io
Io
Mw
Io
Io
Io
Io
Calibration region
France
Fennoscandia
Italy
Switzerland
Switzerland
Fennoscandia
Bulgaria
Germany, Poland, Czech Rep.
Germany
Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia,
Montenegro
Romania
Poland, Ukraine, Moldavia
Slovakia
Germany, Switzerland
Portugal
Iberia, Portugal
Portugal
Portugal
Germany
UK
UK
Fennoscandia
Iberia
Hungary, Romania
Belgium
Poland
Broad Aegean
Italy
Greece
Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraina, Poland
Albania
Portugal
Fennoscandia
Austria
Hungary
Slovenia
The regional catalogues provide locations determined according to varied criteria. Some
catalogues provide location uncertainty – although not for all the entries; such uncertainty is
defined and assessed according to varied definitions and criteria. Some other catalogues do
not provide location uncertainty.
The assessment of depth is a controversial issue, even for modern, instrumental events. The
depth values of historical earthquakes seem to come, in many cases, from circular thoughts
(such as “in this area we have a few events with such a depth value: therefore all events of
11
this area must have the same depth”). Only Baumont and Scotti (2011), whose catalogue is
compiled using MDPs methods for computing Mw and depth, provide depth values for all
events; other catalogues carry sporadic depth information, the origin of which is often poorly
explained. Fig. 3 shows the depth distribution of events before 1900, as derived from the
adopted regional catalogues.
Fig. 4 – Depth distribution of earthquakes 1000-1899, from the catalogues.
As for the earthquake size, many catalogues (Tab. 1) provide Mw, many others Io and a few
provide ML, Ms or macroseismic magnitudes. Most of them do not provide uncertainty.
12
2.7 - SHEEC 1000-1899 parameters
2.7.1 - Time and area of largest effects. Both parameters are taken from AHEAD, where they
have been thoroughly checked, although they have not been homogenized, yet.
2.7.2 - Location and uncertainty. One epicentral location has been chosen between the
location provided by MDPs methods and by the regional catalogue, according to expert
judgement. In general, the first one was preferred. As for uncertainty:
a) if the location is determined by MEEP or Boxer 4, the relevant uncertainty is adopted;
b) if the location is chosen from a catalogue providing uncertainty, the relevant uncertainty
is adopted translating it into km according to Tab. 2;
c) if the location is chosen from a catalogue not providing uncertainty, or from B&W
determination, a default value has been adopted (Tab. 2).
In some cases, including the Boxer 4.0 determinations, the uncertainty is asymmetrical with
respect to Lat and Lon. It has to be recalled that the meaning of the uncertainty provided by
MDPs methods and the catalogues is heterogeneous. As an example, while Boxer uncertainty
values correspond to one standard deviation, the relevant values supplied by ECOS-09
correspond to two standard deviations. The values supplied by the other catalogues
correspond to unclear or unrepeatable criteria. As a conclusion, the content of the SHEEC
location uncertainty is very far from being homogeneous.
Tab. 2 - Epicentral uncertainty as provided by the regional catalogues, and adopted translation.
Catalogue
BAUSC010
BOBAL993
CPTI004
(ECOS002)
ECOS009
FEN07
GRAL978
GRUAL009
Epicentral uncertainty code and
explanation
A: quelques km
B: autour de 10 km
C: entre 10 et 20 km
D: de quelques km à 50 km
1: ≤ 5 km
2: ≤ 10 km
3: ≤ 20 km
4: ≤ 50 km
5: ≤ 100 km
6: > 100 km
0: unknown
A < 0.2°
B < 1.0°
C > 1.0°
? (location uncertain)
-
LatUnc LonUnc
Remarks
(km)
(km)
5.0
5.0 from SisFrance 2010
10.0
10.0
20.0
20.0
50.0
50.0
39.9
39.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
2.5
2.5 Original values correspond to 2 sigma;
5.0
5.0 adopted values are divided by 2
10.0
10.0
25.0
25.0
50.0
50.0
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
20.0
10.0
99.9
55.0
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
13
N.
rec
12
25
47
249
6
324
6
67
194
301
125
4
3
4
58
10
2
10
12
Catalogue
GRUE988
HERA995
KONUL999
KOSH982
LABR995
LEYD986
LNEC986
MAME002
MAMV001
MARLO004
MEID995
MUSA007
MUSS994
NIKON992
OLIAL006
ONAL999
ORB010
PAGA972
PAPA003
POST985
SHAL974
SHELE998
SUKO975
VILFO007
WALGR994
ZAMG010
ZIAL988
ZIVC009
Epicentral uncertainty code and
explanation
LatUnc LonUnc
Remarks
(km)
(km)
2
2.0
2.0 Radius in km
3
3.0
3.0
4
4.0
4.0
5
5.0
5.0
6
6.0
6.0
39.9
39.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
2: ± 0.05°
5.0
4.0
3: ± 0.10°
10.0
8.0
4: ± 0.20°
20.0
15.0
5: ± 0.50°
55.0
40.0
6: ± 1.00°
99.9
80.0
B: ± 10 km
10.0
10.0
C: ± 20 km
20.0
20.0
D: ± 50 km
50.0
50.0
E: > 50 km
99.9
99.9
F: not assessed
99.9
99.9 Default values
2: ± 5 km
5.0
5.0
3: ± 10 km
10.0
10.0
4: ± 30 km
30.0
30.0
none
49.9
49.9 Default values
a: dados suficiente para determinar o epicentro 39.9
39.9 Default values
b: nao è claro o local do epicentro
49.9
49.9 Default values
c: existem poucos dados
99.9
99.9 Default values
A: 0-10 km
10.0
10.0
B: 10-20 km
20.0
20.0
C: 20-50 km
50.0
50.0
D: > 50 km
99.9
99.9
39.9
39.9 Default values
49.9
49.9 Default values for events loc. in Lisbon
99.9
99.9 Default values for offshore events
49.9
49.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
29.9
29.9 Default values for Vrancea deep events
49.9
49.9 Default values for shallow events
39.9
39.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
10 km if coord. are rounded at decimals
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
5 km if coord. are rounded at centesimals
39.9
39.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
a = ± 0.1 (degrees)
10.0
8.0
b = ± 0.2
20.0
15.0
c = ± 0.5
50.0
40.0
d = ± 1.0
99.9
99.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
29.9
29.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
A = ± 5 km
5.0
5.0
B = ± 10 km
10.0
10.0
C = ± 20 km
20.0
20.0
D = ± 50 km
50.0
50.0
E = unidentified
99.9
99.9 Default values
39.9
39.9 Default values
14
N.
rec
4
11
5
9
2
156
1
1
0
2
5
1
14
30
8
9
7
1
2
3
45
7
3
14
3
48
40
24
2
4
3
1
11
11
10
1
1
64
48
3
4
3
62
3
2
1
13
9
1
51
1
2
57
0
49
32
4
28
311
2.7.3 – Depth. As mentioned before, the adoption of Boxer 4.0 implies that no depth is
provided for most events with MDPs. This choice is coherent with the above considerations
(par. 2.6) concerning the poor reliability of many estimates. Therefore, depth values from
MEEP (for UK) or the regional catalogues are provided as a side information, only.
2.7.4 – Magnitude. Mw is assessed according to one of the three following possibilities:
a) when only a MDPs determination is available, the relevant Mw is adopted;
b) when only a Mw value from a regional catalogue is available, it is adopted;
c) when only Io, Ms, ML or M from a regional catalogue is available, Mw is determined
from (in order of preference):
•
Ms, only for most FEN07 entries for which there is evidence that it is determined
from felt areas or similar. For such events Mw is assumed equivalent to Ms,
according to Bungum et al. (2003);
•
Io, with Mw = Mw (Io) relations calibrated in each region with the same calibration
dataset mentioned at section 2.4. Some relations are presented in Fig. 5;
•
ML (MUS994) with relations from the literature (e.g. Gruenthal et al., 2009a; etc.);
•
M (LNEC986 and MAMV001), provisionally adopted as Mw.
Fig. 5 – Mw(Io) relations determined for the calibration regions,
compared to the one of Central Europe by Gruenthal et al., 2009b.
15
d) when both Mw from MDPs and the catalogue are available, the Mw value is obtained as
weighted mean of them, with the following weighting scheme:
Source
MDPs only
MDPs
MDPs
MDPs
MDPs
MDPs
MDPs
MDPs
MDPs
MDPs
Mw from MDPs
(weight )
1.00
0.33
0.33
0.67
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
Source
Mw from catalogue
(weight )
Catalogue only
1.00
BAUSC010
ECOS009
Most catalogues
LEYD986
MEID995
LABR995
ZIAL988
CPTI004
MAMV001
0.67
0.67
0.33
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
As a general rule, the highest weight (0.67 or 0.80) has been given to Mw from MDPs.
Conversely, the reason for assigning a larger weight (0.67) to the recent French and Swiss
catalogues is because they are mainly compiled according to repeatable procedures, making
use of MDPs procedures and ad hoc calibrations: the 0.33 weight given to the results of
MDPs, SHARE processing will help blending in the view of the requested homogeneity.
The distribution of Mw values is presented in Fig. 6. The lowest value is 2.4: it has been
preferred not to remove the events below any threshold, as it can be easily done if needed.
Fig. 6 – Distribution of Mw values in SHEEC 1000-1899.
16
2.7.5 - Magnitude uncertainty. The three methods provide an estimate of Mw uncertainty
which, for all methods, is a function of the number of MDPs used in the calculation: only
MEEP uses a bootstrap resampling technique. When Mw is determined from MDPs methods
only, the uncertainty provided by the relevant method is adopted. When the number of data is
not sufficient to compute the uncertainty, a default value of 0.3 is adopted.
When only the magnitude from a regional catalogue is available, the Mw uncertainty is either:
i)
the one provided by the catalogue itself (e.g. ECOS009, BAUSC011, PAPA003,
CPTI004). They are in general symmetrical, with the exception of BAUSC011; in this
case, for sake of homogeneity the mean of the two values has been used;
ii)
a default value of 0.3, adopted when no uncertainty is available;
ii)
the uncertainty associated to the regression from another type of magnitude;
iv)
a default value of 0.5, adopted when Mw has been obtained from the conversion of Io
using the relations shown in Fig. 5.
When the Mw value is obtained as the weighted mean of the value from MDPs and from a
regional catalogue, the Mw uncertainty is calculated as the square root of the sum of the
squares of the uncertainties, each multiplied by its own assigned weight:
MwUnc = sqrt(wm * MMwUnc^2 + wc * CMwUnc^2)
where MMwUnc and CMwUnc are the uncertainties of the magnitude values determined,
respectively, form MDPs and from the regional catalogues and wm and wc are the weights
respectively assigned to them.
The rationale for this decision is that, as the averaged estimates are obtained with different
methods, the uncertainty of the average depends on the uncertainty of all the estimates,
proportionally to the weight assigned to each of them. In the calculation of the uncertainty
associated to Mw, the weights are interpreted as the multiplicity of each magnitude value
divided by the sum of the multiplicities.
The uncertainty values in SHEEC 1000-1900 (Fig. 7) range between very low values, such as
0.05, and high values around 1.00, with a higher density around 0.20-0.40 and 0.50-0.60.
17
Fig. 7 – Distribution of the Mw, uncertainty values in SHEEC 1000-1899.
Fig. 8 – An example of distribution of Mw and related uncertainty in the Betic region.
2.7.6 - No parameter determination. For 155 events whose supporting data are insufficient or
contradictory, no earthquake size has been determined; the location only is provided.
18
2.7.7 - Format. The SHEEC 1000-1899 format is illustrated in the table below.
Code
Description
En
Earthquake number
Notes
from AHEAD
Earthquake origin time and area
Year
Mo
Da
Ho
Mi
Ax
Reg
Lat
Lon
LatUnc
LonUnc
TEpi
H
HUnc
TH
Io
TIo
Mw
MwUnc
TMw
Origin time: year
Origin time: month
Origin time: day
Origin time: hour
Origin time: minutes
Epicentral area
Calibration region
from the preferred dataset in AHEAD
from the preferred dataset in AHEAD
from the preferred dataset in AHEAD
from the preferred dataset in AHEAD
from the preferred dataset in AHEAD
from the preferred dataset in AHEAD
SCR: Stable continental
WAP: Western Alps and Pyrenees
BET: Betic
APD: Apennines, North-Eastern Alps and Dinarides
VRD: Vrancea, deep events
BAS: Broad Aegean, shallow
BAI: Broad Aegean, intermediate
TSZ: Transform Source Zone offshore Portugal
Epicentral latitude
from MDPs or regional catalogue, see TEpi
Epicentral longitude
from MDPs or regional catalogue, see TEpi
Epicentral latitude uncertainty
from MDPs or regional catalogue, see TEpi
Epicentral longitude uncertainty from MDPs or regional catalogue, see TEpi
Epicentre type
bx: from MDPs using Boxer
me: from MDPs using MEEP
bw: from MDPs using B&W
cat: from regional catalogue
pr: preliminary
Depth
from MDPs (MEEP only) or regional catalogue, see TH
Depth uncertainty
km: from MDPs (MEEP only) or regional catalogue, see TH
Depth type
me: from MDPs using MEEP
cat: from regional catalogue
Epicentral intensity
from MDPs (Boxer only) or regional catalogue, see TIo
Epicentral intensity type
bx: MDPs from Boxer
cat: from regional catalogue
Moment magnitude
from MDPs, from regional catalogue, or weigthed mean of the two
Moment magnitude uncertainty from MDPs, from regional catalogue, or weigthed mean of the two
Moment magnitude type
wm: weighted mean of Mw from MDPs and from reg. catalogue
bw: MDPs using B&W
bx: MDPs from Boxer
me: MDPs from MEEP
Io: converted from Io (see TIo)
co: from regional catalogue
cc: from regional catalogue, converted from M or Io
nd: not determined
MDPs
Root
Root citation
Nmdp
Number of MDPs
Ix
Maximum intensity
from AHEAD
from AHEAD
from AHEAD
regional catalogue
CCode
Code of the catalogue
19
2.8 – References
Bakun W.H. and Wentworth C.M., 1997. Estimating earthquake location and magnitude from seismic
intensity data. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 87, 1502-1521.
Baumont D. and Scotti O., 2011. The French Parametric Earthquake Catalogue (FPEC) based on the
best events of the Sisfrance macroseismic database - Version 1.1. IRSN/DEI/2011-012.
Bungum H., Lindholm C.D. and Dahle A., 2003. Long-period ground-motions for large European
earthquakes, 1905–1992, and comparisons with stochastic predictions. J. Seismol. 7, 377–396.
Gasperini P., Bernardini F., Valensise G. and Boschi E., 1999. Defining Seismogenic Sources from
Historical Earthquake Felt Reports. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 89, 94-110.
Gasperini P., Vannucci G., Tripone D. and Boschi E., 2010. The Location and Sizing of Historical
Earthquakes Using the Attenuation of Macroseismic Intensity with Distance. Bull. Sism. Soc.
Am. 100, 2035-2066.
Gruenthal G., Wahlstroem R. and Stromeyer D., 2009a. The unified catalogue of earthquakes in
central, northern, and northwestern Europe (CENEC) — updated and expanded to the last
millennium. J. Seismol. 13:517-541 doi:10.1007/s10950-009-9154-2
Gruenthal G., Wahlstroem R. and Stromeyer D., 2009b. Harmonization check of Mw within the
central, northern, and northwestern European earthquake catalogue (CENEC). J. Seismol. 13:613632 doi:10.1007/s10950-008-9144-9
Musson R.M.W. and Jiménez M.J., 2008. Macroseismic estimation of earthquake parameters. NA4
deliverable D3, NERIES Project, http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/neries_NA4/deliverables.php.
Rovida A. and the CPTI Working Group, 2008. Parametric Catalogue of Italian Earthquakes, version
2008 (CPTI08), 1900-2006, http://www.cseptesting.org/regions/italy.
20
Appendix 1 – Adopted regional catalogues and their full reference.
CCode
Full reference
BAUSC011 Baumont D. and Scotti O., 2011. The French Parametric Earthquake Catalogue (FPEC) based on
the best events of the Sisfrance macroseismic database - Version 1.1. IRSN/DEI/2011-012.
Boborikin A.M., Gareckij R.G., Emeljanow A.P., Cildvee Ch.Ch., Cuvejedis P.I., 1993.
BOBAL993 Sowremennoye sostoyaniye seismitsheskich nablyudenhiy i ich obobshtsheniy. Semletryasseniya
Belarussi i Pribaltiki, Minsk, Belorussia, 29-40.
CPTI Working Group, 2004. Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani, versione 2004 (CPTI04).
CPTI004
INGV, Bologna. http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/CPTI/
Swiss Seismological Service, 2002. ECOS - Earthquake Catalog of Switzerland. ECOS Report to
ECOS002 PEGASOS, Version 31. 3. 2002, Appendix A: ECOS Database. SED, Zürich.
http://histserver.ethz.ch/
Swiss Seismological Service, 2002. ECOS-09 Earthquake Catalogue of Switzerland Release 2010.
ECOS009 Report and Database for the Pegasos Refinement Project, not public catalogue 31.3.2010. Swiss
Seismological Service ETH Zürich, Report SED/PRP/R/008/20100331.
University of Helsinki - Insitute of Seismology, 2007. Catalog of earthquakes in Northern Europe
FEN07
1375-. http://www.seismo.helsinki.fi/english/bulletins/catalog_northeurope.html
Grigorova E., Christoskov L., Sokerova D., Rizhikova S. and Roglinov A., 1978. Catalogue of
GRAL978 earthquakes in Bulgaria and the nearby territories during the period 1st cent. BC - 1977. Geophys.
Inst., Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia (unpublished).
Grünthal G., Wahlström R. and Stromeyer D., 2009. The unified catalogue of earthquakes in central,
GRUAL009 northern, and northwestern Europe (CENEC)—updated and expanded to the last millennium. J.
Seismol., DOI 10.1007/s10950-008-9144-9.
GRUE988 Grünthal G., 1988. Erdbebenkatalog des Territoriums der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik und
angrenzender Gebiete von 823 bis 1984. Veröff. Zentralinst. Physik der Erde (99), Potsdam, 139 pp.
HERA995 Herak M., 1995. Earthquake Catalog of Croatia and adjacent Regions. Archives of the Andrija
Mohorovicic Geophysical Institute, Zagreb (unpublished).
Kondorskaya N.V. and. Ulomov V.I., 1999. Special earthquake catalogue of Northern Eurasia from
KONUL999 ancient times through 1995 (SECNE). Joint Institute of Physics of the Earth (JIPE), Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Kondorskaya N.V. and Shebalin N.V. (eds.), 1982. New Catalogue of strong earthquakes in the
KOSH982 USSR from Ancient Times through 1975. 2nd edition, Boulder (Colorado), 608 pp. (1st edition, 1977,
Moscow, 536 pp., in Russian).
Labak P. and Broucek I., 1995. Catalogue of macroseismically observed earthquakes on the territory
LABR995
of Slovakia starting from the year 1034. Geophysical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences,
Bratislava.
Leydecker G., 1986. Erdbebenkatalog für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit Randgebieten für die
LEYD986
Jahre 1000-1981. Geol. Jahrbuch, Reihe E, 36, 3-83.
LNEC986 LNEC, 1986. A Sismicidade Histórica e a Revisão do Catálogo Sísmico. Laboratorio Nacional de
Engenharia Civil, Lisboa, 189 pp.
MAME002 Martinez Solares J.M. and J. Mezcua Rodriguez (eds), 2002. Catalogo sismico de la Peninsula
Iberica (880 a.C.-1990). IGN, Madrid, Monografía Núm. 18, 254 pp.
Martins I. and Mendes Victor L.A. , 2001. Contribuiçao para o estudo da sismicidade da regiao oeste
MAMV001 da peninsula iberica, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Geofisico do Infante D. Luis, Publ. N. 25, 67
pp.
MARLO004 Martinez Solares J.M. and Lopez Arroyo A., 2004. The great historical 1755 earthquake. Effects and
damage in Spain. J. Seismol. 8, 275–294.
Meidow H., 1995. Rekonstruktion und Reinterpretation von historischen Erdbeben in den nördlichen
MEID995
Rheinlanden unter Berücksichtigung der Erfahrungen bei dem Erdbeben von Roermond am 13. April
1992. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Köln, 305 pp.
MUSA007 Musson R.M.W and Sargeant S.L., 2007. BGS UK Earthquake Database. Eurocode 8 seismic
hazard zoning maps for the UK. British Geological Survey Technical Report, CR/07/125.
MUSS994 Musson R.M.W., 1994. Earthquake Catalogue of Great Britain and surroundings. British Geological
Survey, Technical report WL/94/04, Edinburgh, 99 pp.
NIKON992 Nikonov A.A., 1992. Distribution of maximum observed tremors and zones of possible occurrence of
earthquakes in Estonia. Izvestiya, Earth Phys, 28, 430–434.
OLIAL006 Olivera C., Redondo E., Lambert J., Riera Melis A. and Roca A., 2006. Els terratrèmols dels segles
XIV I XV a Catalunya, Barcelona, Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya, 407 pp.
Oncescu M.C., Marza V.I., Rizescu M. and Popa M., 1999. The Romanian earthquake catalogue
ONAL999 between 984-1997. In: F. Wenzel and D. Lungu (eds), Contributions from the First International
Workshop on Vrancea Earthquakes, Bucharest, Romania, November 1-4, 1997, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 43-48.
21
CCode
Full reference
Royal Observatory of Belgium, 2010. Liste provisoire des principaux séismes ressentis en Belgique
et dans les régions voisines de 700 à 1910. Data file
PAGA972 Pagaczewski J., 1972. Catalogue of earthquakes in Poland 1000-1970 Years. Publications of the
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 51, 61 pp.
PAPA003 Papazachos B.C. and Papazachou C., 2003. The earthquakes of Greece. Ziti Publ. Co.,
Thessaloniki, Greece, 286 pp. (in Greek).
POST985 Postpischl D., 1985. Catalogo dei terremoti italiani dall'anno 1000 al 1980, Quaderni della Ricerca
Scientifica, 114, 2B, Bologna, 239 pp.
Shebalin N.V., Karnik V. and Hadzievski D. (eds.), 1974. Catalogue of earthquakes of the Balkan
SHAL974
region. I, UNDP-UNESCO Survey of the seismicity of the Balkan region. Skopje, 600 pp.
Shebalin N.V., Leydecker G., Mokrushina N.G., Tatevossian R.E., Erteleva O.O., Vassiliev V.Yu.,
SHELE998 1998. Earthquake Catalogue for Central and Southeastern Europe 342 BC-1990 AD - Final Report
to Contract ETNU - CT 93 - 0087.
SUKO975 Sulstarova E. and Kociu S., 1975. The catalogue of Albanian earthquakes. Botim i Qendres
Sizmologjike. Tirane, 223 pp.
VILFO007 Vilanova S.P. and Fonseca J.F.B.D, 2007. Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Assessment for Portugal.
Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 97, 5, 1702-1717.
WALGR994 Wahlström R. and Grünthal G., 1994. Seismicity and seismotectonic implications in the southern
Baltic Sea area, Terra Nova, 6, 149–157.
ZAMG, 2010. AEC2010. Austrian Earthquake Catalogue - A List of Felt Earthquakes. Computer-file
ZAMG010 compiled by the Department of Geophysics, Zentralanstalt fuer Meteorologie und Geodynamik,
Vienna, Austria.
Zsìros T., Mónus P. and Tóth L., 1988. Hungarian Earthquake Catalog (456-1986). Geodetic &
ZIAL988
Geophysical Research Institute, Budapest, 182 pp.
ZIVC009
Živcic M., 2009. Earthquake Catalogue of Slovenia. Data file.
ORB010
22
3. SHEEC 1900-on
Grünthal, G., Wahlström, R. & Stromeyer, D. (GFZ German Research Centre for
Geosciences, Potsdam)
According to the agreements made within SHARE task 3.1 the GFZ provides the data for the
SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue for the time 1900 and on. These data represent a
subset of data which will be part of the European Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue
(EMEC), which is a spatial and temporal extension of our former earthquake catalogue
CENEC (Grünthal et al. 2009a).
The magnitude threshold of the data set made available here is put at Mw = 3.50 for events
with north of latitude 44°N and Mw = 4.00 for events south of latitude 44°N. All magnitudes
are given in Mw, as either provided by the local reference catalogues and special studies or
calculated from other magnitude types or to a small amount based on macroseismic intensity
data given by these. If more than one reference list an event, the entry in the SHARE
catalogue is selected from a priority algorithm according to the philosophy of the CENEC
catalogue. Such a ranking scheme has been developed for each polygon, where a polygon
often coincides with national borders. Special studies usually have priority over catalogue
entries. The full details of the polygons, catalogues, and their combinations are shown in the
forthcoming EMEC catalogue. The attached Figure shows the epicentres of this data set for
the time 1900 and on.
Special attention, besides identifying and eliminating duplets according to the cataloguepolygon algorithms, has been made to sort out non-tectonic events, i.e. induced events of
various kinds and explosions.
The presented catalogue constitutes the current state of the EMEC databank and minor
changes can be made until the publication of EMEC. The catalogue is, as mentioned, unified
with respect to Mw, and for most parts the homogenization of Mw has been investigated and
found acceptable to good. The two lines of statistical homogenization check by Grünthal et
al. (2009b) have been applied.
The catalogue is part of the dataset provided as Deliverable D 3.2. The parameters listed are
given in its heading.
The final Greek data for SHARE reached us a few days before the deadline and could not yet
been included into the file. Currently the file for Greece and the neighbouring region contains
the published catalogues by Papazachos & Papaioannou (1999) and Papazachos et al. (2003).
According to the agreements made with SHARE, these data will be replaced by the data
23
elaborated by and under supervision of K. Makropoulos. The revisited file with respect to the
Greek catalogue data will be provided at the earliest possible date.
References
Grünthal G., Wahlström R. and Stromeyer D., 2009a. The unified catalogue of earthquakes in central,
northern and northwestern Europe (CENEC) - updated and expanded to the last millennium. J.
Seismol. 13:517-541 doi:10.1007/s10950-009-9154-2
Grünthal G., Stromeyer D. and Wahlström R. (2009b) Harmonization check of Mw within the central,
northern and northwestern European earthquake catalogue (CENEC). J. Seismol. 13:613-632
doi:10.1007/s10950-008-9144-9
Papazachos BC, Papaioannou ChA (1999) Lithospheric boundaries and plate motions in the Cyprus
area. Tectonophysics 308:193-204
Papazachos BC, Comninakis PE, Karakaisis GF, Karakostas BG, Papaioannou ChA, Papazachos CB,
Scordilis EM (2003) A catalogue of earthquakes in Greece and surrounding area for the period
550BC - 1999. In: Lee WHK, Kanamori H, Jennings PC, Kisslinger C (eds.) International
Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology IASPEI, Part B, CD #3, Academic Press
24
Task 3.1
SHEEC update (v2, August 2011)
M. Stucchi and A. Rovida
with the collaboration of G. Gruenthal, R. Wahlstroem, K. Sesetyan, M. Dermicioglu, P. Albini, H. Bungum,
V. Kouskouna, D. Viganò, J. Batllò, C. Lindholm, A. A. Gomez Capera
Introduction
Following the comments received and the decisions taken at the Model Building Workshop (Zuerich, 15-18
May 2011) and the Oslo General Assembly (15-17 June 2011), SHEEC has been updated according to the
following issues:
•
•
•
•
•
extensions to the West
extension to 32° East (excluding Cyprus) and merge with EMME catalogue
revision of some epicentral locations
revision of the weighting scheme for the determination of Mw
revision of the uncertainty assessment
A – Time-window before 1900
1. Extensions to the West
SHEEC has been extended to the West and the South-west in order to cover the following areas:
a.
b.
c.
Iceland: 21 events from Icelandic Meteorological office and Ambraseys and Sigbjörnsson, 2000 have
been included.
Azores: the available catalogues do not report tectonic earthquakes before 1900.
Maghreb: the area sources 442, 444, and 445 have been filled with 9 events (figure 1) from both
Martinez-Solares and Mezcua (2002) and Pelaez et al. (2007).
Figure 1. Extension in the Maghreb area.
2. Extension to the East (32°) and merge with EMME catalogue
To comply with the request of expanding SHEEC to 32° East (Cyprus excluded) and for ensuring
consistency of the SHARE and EMME catalogues in the common area of Turkey, the catalogues of the two
projects have been compared and homogenized in the area comprised between longitudes 26°E and 32°E.
This task has been performed in close cooperation with KOERI (K. Sesetyan and M. Dermicioglu) and
finalized during a meeting held in Istanbul on 7-8 July 2011.
As a result, SHEEC has included 202 events from the Turkish catalogue by Soysal et al. (1981). The time
constraints of both the projects did not allowed for a careful check of the reliability of the Soysal et al. (1981)
catalogue and the sources it relies upon. For this reason, out of the 202 events, only 123 events also
mentioned in Ambraseys (2009) have been parameterized; the others have been included in SHEEC without
parameters. The Mw of the events from Soysal et al. (1981) has been determined with the Io to Ms
conversion regression by KOERI:
Ms = 1.39 + 0.60 * Io
assuming Ms=Mw as in the EMME catalogue as a preliminary option, without alternatives for the time being.
The Mw values of 18 events already included in SHEEC (from MDPs only) and reported also by Soysal has
been recalculated, taking the latter into account.
Figure 2. Earthquakes 1000-1899.
3. Revision of some epicentral locations
The comparison with the EMME catalogue and a general check also led to the revision of the epicentral
location of more than 30 earthquakes, most of which in the Aegean area, for which the results of the Boxer
method was finally adopted.
4. Mw weighting scheme and uncertainty
The weighting scheme of Mw values from MDPs and regional catalogues has been simplified and
homogenized as follows:
Catalogue
Most
BAUSC011, ECOS009
VILFO007, MAMV001
Cat. wieght
0.25
0.75
0.50
MDPs weight
0.75
0.25
0.50
The different weights assigned to BAUSC011 and ECOS009 take into account the fact the Mw values
derived form MDPs parameterization according to well established procedures.
The different weights assigned to VILFO007 and MAMV001 take into account the large uncertainty in both
location and size of the events in Portugal.
The new Mw distribution is given in Fig. 3. The peak corresponding to Mw 3.75-4.00 mainly results from the
high number of earthquakes of this magnitude in ECOS009, probably resulting form the conversion of Io = 5.
Figure 3. New Mw distribution (1000-1900).
5. Mw uncertainty
Following the remarks, proposed at the Oslo General Assembly, that Mw uncertainties were “low”, Mw
uncertainties have been reassessed according to the following considerations:
•
•
•
•
for Mw values deriving from the weighted mean the new weighting scheme has been applied;
uncertainties smaller than 0.30 have been considered unrealistic; therefore a minimum default value of
0.30 has been adopetd;
the uncertainties given by ECOS009 catalogue, equal to 1.00 and 0.50, which are said to correspond
to 2 sigma, were assumed in SHEEC version 1 equal to half of those values for sake of homogeneity.
Now they have been assumed as 2/3, that is respectively, 0.67 and 0.33.
for BAUSC011, which gives uncertainties as the 16th and 84th percentiles, the maximum of the two
has been considered instead of half of their difference as in the previous version.
The new uncertainty distribution is given in Fig. 4.
Figure 4. New Mw uncertainty distribution (1000-1900.
B – Time-window after 1900
6. Extensions to the West and the Southwest
The catalogue has been extended to the West, from the original limit of latitude 15°W up to 32°W. It now
covers the Mid-Atlantic ridge, the Azores, and Iceland with around 3800 events from, among others, Iceland
Meteorological Office, ISC, and NEIC.
The portion of the Maghreb region corresponding to AS sources 442, 444, and 445 has been completed to
the south.
7. Extensions to the South
The catalogue for the Aegean area provided by K. Makropoulos has been entirely included up to its
southernmost coverage of the Hellenic Arc (about latitude 26.5°N).
8. Extension to the East (32°E) and merge with EMME catalogue
For the Turkish territory up to 30°E, the entries from Makropuolos catalogue have been substituted with
those from Kalafat et al. (2011). The same catalogue has been used for extending SHEEC up to 32°E
(excluding Cyprus).
9. Extensions to the North
The area north of 70°N and east of Greenwich has been completed with a catalogue provided by H. Bungum
and C. Lindholm resulting from the compilation of different global (e.g. ISC, NEIC, USGS) and regional (e.g.
Helsinki, Bergen) catalogues. For ensuring homogeneity with the rest of SHEEC, the magnitude values
provided by the catalogue have been converted by INGV-MI to Mw with the same conversion scheme valid
in the area. The catalogue covers also a portion of the territory of Finland (East of 30°E), not previously
included in SHEECv1.
Figure 5. Earthquakes 1900 on.
10. Mw and location uncertainty
The portion of the catalogue after 1900, as supplied by GFZ, does not contain such parameters, some
values of which do exist in the original, contributing catalogues. At the Oslo, General Assembly it was
decided: “Uncertainties for the post-1900 portion of the catalogue will have to be recovered from the original
catalogues that were used to construct SHEEC. If unavailable the uncertainties will have to be assigned by
classes (e.g. 0.2, 0.35, 0.50 for Magnitude depending on the age, size and location of the earthquake).
Woessner will explore with Gruenthal whether GFZ is willing to complete this assignment.”
No evidence of such assessment appeared by July 22, when the catalogue after 1900 was released.
Therefore, after a quick round of opinion exchange, a default solution (15 km for location and 0.3 for Mw for
earthquakes before 1980, 10 km for location and 0.2 for Mw for earthquakes after 1980) was adopted.
C – Other parameters
The SHEEC format has not changed. However, the following additional columns have been added:
Code
Description
Notes
Unique ID of the catalogue, in chronological order. For
the 1000-1899 it corresponds to “event_id”, for the
portion after 1900 records are numbered starting from
1900000 with a step of 1.
En
Earthquake number
CM
CTM
Magnitude in the original catalogue
Compiled only for the portion after 1900
Type of magnitude in the original catalogue Compiled only for the portion after 1900
ASA
ASR
TAS
Area Source nr., automatic
Area Source nr., revised
Type of association to ASs
ID from the file share-v2.01-150411.shp
ID from the file share-v2.01-150411.shp
A: automatic
R: revised
CSZ
Completeness superzone code
CSZname Completeness superzone name
Comp
Completeness flag
Main
Decluster flag
event_id
c indicates the events in the complete part of the
catalogue
[To be compiled]
Id of the original pre- and post-1900 files, and for the
North of 70° catalogue provided by H. Bungum
Conclusion
SHEECv2 has been largely improved with respect to the first version, and we acknowledge the work of all
contributors. In particular, the main progress refers to the Turkish region and to the assessment of Mw and
related uncertainty.
The work is not complete, because the time frame did not allow to fully exploit the available material in many
regions of Europe. This is the case, for instance, of the events in the Turkish area which have no
parameters, yet. A possible, future version 3 of SHEEC might consider all these and other aspects.
References
Ambraseys N.N., 2009. Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of
Seismicity up to 1900. Cambridge University Press, 968 pp.
Ambraseys N.N., Sigbjörnsson R., 2000. Re-appraisal of the seismicity of Iceland. Earthquake Engineering
Research Centre, Selfoss, 196 pages.
Kalafat D., Günes Y., Kekovali K., Kara M., Deniz P., Yilmazer M., 2011. A revised and extented earthquake
catalogue for Turkey since 1900 (M=4.0). KOERI, Bebek Istanbul, 13 pp.
Martinez Solares J.M. and J. Mezcua Rodriguez (eds), 2002. Catalogo sismico de la Peninsula Iberica (880
a.C.-1990). IGN, Madrid, Monografía Núm. 18, 254 pp.
Peláez J.A., Chourak M., Tadili B.A., Aït Brahim L., Hamdache M., López Casado C. and Martínez Solares
C.M., 2007. A Catalog of Main Moroccan Earthquakes from 1045 to 2005. Seis. Res. Lett. 78, 614-621.
Soysal H., Sipahioglu S., Kolcak D., Altinok Y., 1981. Turkye ve Cevresinin Tarihsel deprem Katalogu.
TUBITAK, Proje no. TBAG 341, Istanbul, 86 pp.
Task 3.1
SHEEC update (v3, 8 November 2011)
M. Stucchi, A. Rovida, G. Gruenthal
with the collaboration of K. Sesetyan, M. Dermicioglu, D. Viganò
Introduction
After the release of SHEEC v2 (August 2010):
a) we worked on the completion of the Eastern Turkey catalogue, as requested by SHARE;
b) we received feedbacks from some partners.
This led to review some entries of the catalogue: this can require the re-assessment of activity
rates and Mmax. In particular:
1. Revision of Mw values of SHEEC in the Turkish territory west of 32°E
In the 1000-1899 portion of SHEEC v.2, the Mw values of the entries from Soysal et al. (1981) had
been calculated through the conversion Io to Ms:
Ms = 1.39 + 0.60 * Io
The resulting Ms values had been taken as Mw, in the lack of any Ms-to-Mw conversion relation.
For homogeneity with the EMME catalogue east of 32°E, these values have been now recalculated
with the same conversion relations used in the EMME catalogue:
Mw = 2.1117 + 0.6633 * Ms (2.8 ≤ Ms ≤ 6.1)
Mw = 0.4491 + 0.9307 * Ms (6.2 ≤ Ms ≤ 8.2)
The changes (significant only for Mw < 5.6) affect 123 entries derived from Soysal et al. (1981)
and, at a lesser extent, 28 entries the magnitude of which is obtained as the weighted mean of a
Mw from MDPs parameterization and Soysal et al. (1981). The 151 events are located in the AS n.
334, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340, 342, 356, 359, 360, 368, 395, 396, 399, 403, 406, 407, 411, 420 and
423 (Fig. 1).
2. Feedbacks from partners
A general check of the catalogue highlighted that one event in Northern Italy (1802.05.12) was
missing and it has been now incorporated (Fig.2).
The entries from SisFrance (2010) in this time-window showed a mislocation with respect to the
original epicentre. The location of 195 events has been checked against the original SisFrance
(2010) one and corrected accordingly. The association of these events with areal source zones
has been performed again using the new coordinates, resulting in a change of AS for 65 events
(Fig. 2).
Fig. 1. Events from Soysal et al. (1981) the magnitude of which has been changed.
Fig. 2. Changes in SHEEC. The earthquakes 1900-on in France have a different
location; the 1802.05.12 earthquake was missing.
References
BRGM-EDF-IRSN/SisFrance, 2010. Histoire et caractèristiques des sèismes ressentis en France.
http://www.sisfrance.net
Soysal H., Sipahioglu S., Kolcak D., Altinok Y., 1981. Turkye ve Cevresinin Tarihsel deprem Katalogu.
TUBITAK, Proje no. TBAG 341, Istanbul, 86 pp.