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Geography revision Weather, tectonic plates, earthquakes and volcanoes Where do volcanoes occur mostly and why? • Volcanoes occur mostly on or near plate boundaries • Volcanoes may erupt if a large richter earthquake occurs. • there are also more likely to be faults were the volcanoes are Location of the pacific ring of fire • On or near the plate boundaries Plate movements • Converging - pushing towards each other • Diverging- pushing away from each other • Transform- rubbing against each other What is a hotspot? • A hotspot is a point where magma rises up from the mantle and forces its way through the crust above. • A hotspot is in the middle of a plate 3 types of seismic waves • 1. Primary waves • 2. Secondary waves• 3. Surface waves- Layers of the earth • Inner core, outer core, mantle and crust Weather vs Climate • Weather is short term change in the atmosphere at a location • Climate is the average weather conditions that are measured over a long period of time Weather symbols Effects that an earthquake has on human and natural environments • NATURAL- the level of surface may be different • The surface waves effect the surface • There maybe cracks in the surface • HUMAN- no electricity • Buildings are destroyed • Homes are ruined • Lava- magma, or molten rock, that erupts to the Earths surface. Definitions • Crater- the opening on top of a volcano through which lava erupts • Magma chamber- when two plate move apart, molten rock will flow upwards out of the magma chamber • Subduction- the process by which, when two tectonic plates collide, one plate slides under another • Epicentre- the point on the Earths surface directly above the focus of an earthquake • Focus- the point within the earths crust where an Where do you seismic waves originate? Focus which later moves on to the epicenter