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Transcript
Recording natural history Break down of time • Different periods of Earth’s history are broken into periods of time – just like a year is broken into months, weeks, days and hours • Earth history is broken into eons, eras, periods, epochs Eons – Billions of years • Haden: Earth before life evolved 3.5 to 3.9 Billion years ago • Achaean: Earth with only prokaryotic cells – 3.9 to 2.5 Billion years ago • Proterozoic: Current Eon – 2.5 BYA to present How time periods distinguished • Major geological events: The movement of tectonic plates to form continents and supercontinents • Changes in climate: a change from an ice ace to a warming period • Mass extinctions or explosions: Changes in the types of life forms on earth Haden Eon 4.5-3.9 BYA • • • • • The first 13% of the Earth’s history Earth is a solid lifeless planet No liquid water, little O2 in the atmosphere Relative to a calendar year: Jan 1st – Feb. 25th Achaean Eon 3.9-2.5 BYA • Earth has a crust & ocean • Life forms in the sea • Prokaryotes including photosynthetic blue-green algae & later bacteria • Feb. 25th - April 17th Proterozoic Eon: Precambrian Era 2.5 BYA – 540MYA • Super continent Rodinia • 21% O2 in Atmosphere • First Eukaryotic cell & sexual reproduction – July 13th • First Multicellular organism (seaweed/algea) – Aug 31st Review of Earth’s first 3.9 Billion years Haden lifeless Earth Proterozoic Eukaryotic life, Achaean multicellular plants, First plants & soft Prokaryotic life bodied animals in Little O2 oceans later vascular plants fish, arthropods in ocean Insects, amphibians & reptiles on land Paleozoic Era From the Cambrian exposition to Permian extinction Paleozoic Era Cambrian Explosion 540-490 MYA • • • • • • • 2 continents mild climate All life in ocean Sponges & coral Then mollusks (clams) Later arthropods (trilobites) Finally chordates – pre-vertebrate ancestors Nov. 17 - Nov. 21st Paleozoic Era Ordovician Period 490-443 MYA • • • • More Continents First vertebrates – armored fish First plants & invertebrates on land Nov. 21st – Nov. 24th Silurian Period 443-417 MYA • Most continents are near equator First: nautilus, jawed fish, shark, lungfish Lots of arthropods more complex plants on land (vascular) Nov 24th – Nov. 27th Paleozoic Era Devonian Period 417-354 Paleozoic Era • Europe & N. America at equator & S American & Africa over S. pole • Warm & moist • First: air breathing Arthropods • First: insects (beetles), amphibians, seed plants (ferns) • Nov. 27th - Dec 1st Paleozoic Era Carboniferous Period 354-290 MYA • • • • • First swampy & warm then cold glaciers Oceans: armored fish extinct greater diversity of fish etc. Land: Giant insects, first reptiles Dec 1nd – Dec 6th Paleozoic Era Permian Period: 290-248 • • • • • Supercontinent Pangaea – all climate zones Glaciers & deserts Mass extinction 99% of all life gone Modern insects, fewer amphibians, many reptiles Dec. 6th - Dec 10th Mesozoic Era The rise and fall of dinosaurs Triassic Period 248-206 MYA • • • • • • Pangaea covers ¼ Earth’s surface Warm and dry climate On Land: 1st small dinosaurs Plants: Ferns, ginkgoes, & conifers In ocean: 1st reptiles Dec. 10- Dec. 14 Mesozoic Era Mesozoic Era Jurassic Period 206-144 MYA • Pangaea begins to break apart • Dinosaurs dominate land and sea • First bird • Early amphibians go extinct, replaced by frogs & salamanders • First mammals (small shrew like) • Dec. 14th - Dec. 19th Mesozoic Era Cretaceous Period 144-65 MYA • • • • • Sea levels rise no ice at poles Large dinosaurs dominate most modern insects First flowering plants Ends with mass extinction of Dinosaurs Dec. 19th – Dec 25th Cenozoic Era Paleocene Epoch 65-55 MYA • • • • • Mammals diversify first just marsupials Inland seas dry up Australia breaks free Later placental mammals First dogs & cats Dec 25th Oligocene Epoch 34-24 MYA • Lots a tectonic plate movement temperate climate • Grass land expand forest decline • First primate • Dec. 28 Cenozoic Era Miocene Epoch 24-5 MYA • • • • • Climate cools Half of modern mammals exist Many modern bird groups First: apes Dec 29th – Dec. 31st 3PM Cenozoic Era Pliocene Epoch 5-1.8 MYA • Alps rise & central America formed • Camels, horses, & giant ground sloths in N. America • Australopithecines – 1st human ancestor • Dec 31st 3:00 PM – 10 PM Pleistocene Epoch 1.8 M- 10,000 • Great ice age – 30% earth covered in ice • Wooly mammoths & saber-tooth cat go extinct • homo habilis • Dec. 31st: 10PM – 11:48 PM Holocene Epoch 10 TYA - today • Glaciers retreat, sea levels rise, deserts form • 1st Humans to modern civilizations • The world as we know it First monkeyFirst human Last Dinosaurs First bird Flowering Plants First Mammals First Dinosaurs Review of last 240 Million years Review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What was the surface of the earth life for most of the Haden Era? During which era did multicellular life evolve? Which is a shorter period of time and eon or an era? During which period did flowering plants evolve? When did the first birds evolve? What were the first vertebrates? When did the first air breathing arthropods evolve. What was the name of the supercontenent formed during the Permian?