Download day 4 Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders
Diseases and Infections interfere in
two main ways:
1) Restrict the flow of air into and out of the
lungs
2) Impairs the gas exchange due to a
reduced surface area for diffusion
Pneumonia
• Alveoli become
inflamed & fill with
thick fluid
• Inflammation of the
lining of the bronchi
• Decreased airway &
impaired gas
exchange
2 types of Pneumonia
• See fig 11.13 page 456
• Bronchial pneumonia affects patches in both
lungs
• Lobular involves a single lobe and most often
caused by bacteria
Causes of Pneumonia
• Bacterial infection / viral infection
• Can spread to other organs
• Treated with anti-virals or antibiotics
Bronchitis
- Tissue of the bronchi become red, inflamed,
and filled with mucus
- Restricts air flow
Causes of bronchitis
- Acute bronchitis
(short-term) =
bacteria
- Chronic bronchitis
(long-term) = regular
exposure to dust,
chemicals, cigarette
smoke
* Cilia lining is gradually
destroyed
Asthma
• Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles
• Air flow is reduced
• Muscles around the airway contract during an
asthma attack
Causes of Asthma
• Inhaled irritants such as pollen, dust and
smoke
• Asthma medications act by relaxing the
bronchiole muscles by reducing
inflammation
Emphysema
• Tissue that supports
the structure of the
lung is destroyed
• The elasticity of the
alveoli is lost
• Reduces the respiratory surface for gas
exchange
• Exhalation is difficult – trapping air in the
lungs
Most common cause is SMOKING
Cystic Fibrosis
Effects of CF
• Cells lining the airways release thick,
sticky mucus
• Clogs the lungs
• Mucus traps disease causing agents