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The Immune System - The Players (not to scale): bacteria Virally-infected host cell virus The enemy: neutrophils The Defense: Monocytes/ macrophages T-cells B-cells M Interleukins Granules with digestive enzymes Foreign protein, carbohydrate, lipid Fragment of enemy after engulfment M T cell receptor interleukins antibodies Ex: 1 Experiment - Hans Seyle Inject:organic extract; formaldehyde; Stimuli: Response:↑ size adrenals ↓ size thymus Response: ↑ size adrenals ↓ size thymus crowding; noise does increase cortisol from adrenals cause decrease immune response (IR)? HPA AXIS Fisher Rats: resistant to arthritis/inflammation Inject: strep cell walls Lewis Rats: susceptible to arthritis/inflammation Ex: 2 Inject: strep. Cell walls Response: ++++ IR, that does not attenuate, giving rise to arthritis symptoms Response: normal IR, that does attenuate, no arthritis symptoms Inject 1: strep cell wall plus anti-inflammatory drug (stop CRH release from hypothalmus), Response: rats die Why? ________________ Inject 2: as above but then + cortisol Response? _________ Conclusion: ______________________ Normal mice Ex. 3 Inject: Day 0, horse RBC Inject: then day 6, sheep RBC Response: Normal IR with antibody and T cell activation Response: No IR Why? Adrenonectomized mice (remove adrenal glands) Inject: Day 0, horse RBC Inject: then day 6, sheep RBC Response: normal IR Response: normal IR Conclusion: Ex. 4 Inject: bacterial cell wall into belly Inject: IL1 into belly or blood Response: IL1 made in brain Response: cortisol, ACTH increase Conclusion: Ex. 5 First remove adrenals then protein elicit MS symptoms + steroid pellet implants Conclusion: Inject: MS protein Inject: MS protein Response: extensive MS symptoms Response?