Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Virus, Bacteria protista fungi (prokaryotes, eukaryotes) Origin of Cells No one knows for sure, thought to be ____________ Earth formed: 4.5 billion years life origin: 2.5 b.y. Viruses Are they living organisms???? No ______________________________- Viruses and Diseases 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Common cold – attack respiratory tract Measles – skin Rabies – nerve cells Herpes virus – mouth and lips, sexual transmission AIDS – white blood cells Ebola – a hemorrhagic fever Biological Weapons These diseases are difficult to fight!!!! Antibiotics - No effect! – Quick replication – High mutation rate Prokaryotes most abundant, single cells organized _________________ plasma membrane cell wall Types: 1. ______________ 2. archaea 1. Bacteria Additional features : – Flagella, long strands used in ____________ – Pili, short strands used as docking cables Bacteria reproduce: ___________________ bacteria exchange genetic information: conjugation three shapes: – Coccus: _______ – Bacillus: ______ – Spirillum: ____ Bacteria-Foodborne illness 1. E. COLI 0157:H7 outbreaks in US, per year: – 73,000 infections/61 deaths infections from: – uncooked ground beef (cattle carry the pathogen in their intestines without getting sick) – contaminated dairy products – Vegetables, unpasteurized juice, petting zoos Symptoms: bloody diarrhea, kidney failure Prevention: _________________________ 2. Salmonella outbreaks: – 40,000 cases/600 people die infected by: – contaminated ground beef, pork, eggs, poultry products – improperly pasteurized dairy products Symptoms: bloody diarrhea Prevention: good higiene, not to eat raw eggs (even cookie dough), meat well cooked 3. Campylobacter causing diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting Outbreaks: – 1 million/100 people die infections from: – raw poultry meat, 80% chickens in US carriers 2. Archaea from prokaryotic ancestors to eukaryotes live _____________________ cell walls different from bacteria with unique lipids and rRNA sequences Eukaryotes Cells with ______________ Types: – Protista, diverse group – multicellular kingdoms: Fungi Plants animals Protista Are _______________ fungi, plants, or animals employ almost every form of __________________________ Reproduce: – asexually most of the time: fission and budding – sexually only in times of stress Some survive harsh environmental conditions by forming cysts, a dormant form of cell movement accomplished by diverse mechanisms: Cilia Flagella Pseudopods gliding mechanisms Types: single cell: paramecium, amoeba Aggregation, transient collection of cells: slime molds Colonial multicellular: permanent cells in contact: algae Fungi Similar to plants but _______chlorophyll: heterotrophs differ from plants in: 1. have filamentous bodies called ________ 2. have cell walls made of chitin Reproduce: 1. asexually 2. Sexually reproductive structures: gametangia produce ______________sporangia produce haploid spores that can be dispersed Heterotrophs: _______________________________________ ______________ Fungi and bacteria: principal decomposers mutualistic associations ecologically important: – Mycorrhizae: fungi-plant expedite the plant’s absorption of essential nutrients in the roots – Lichens: fungi-algae (cyanobacteria) can grow in harsh habitats, such as bare rock Practice questions 1. Bacteria A) are prokaryotic B) have been on the earth for at least C) are the most abundant life form on D) All answers are correct 2.5 billion years earth 2. Viruses are: A) protein coats that contain DNA or RNA B) simple eukaryotic cells C) simple prokaryotic cells D) Alive 3. The main problem in classifying protists is that: A) all have a common lifestyle B) all are unicellular C) all are photoautotrophic D) any eukaryotic organism that is not plant, animal, or fungi is a protist 4. The main body of a fungus is the ________ 5. Fungi reproduce both _______ 6. Lichens are mutualistic associations between _______