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Transcript
Atmosphere Aim: What is the composition of Earth’s atmosphere? Do Now: • Which material do you think best represents the thickness of the atmosphere around the Earth? – The thickness of a sponge? – The thickness of a stack of paper plates? – The thickness of a plastic bag? 1. What is atmosphere? • The very thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. • The atmosphere is about 60 miles thick • Most of the gases are found within 7 miles of Earth’s surface. The atmosphere thins out: as you get farther from the Earth, there are fewer molecules of gas . 2. How does the atmosphere stay in place? • Earth’s gravity keeps the atmosphere from floating away. 3. What does the atmosphere do? • • • • Traps energy from sun to keep Earth warm Provides temperatures suitable for life Provides gases for organism respiration Protects Earth from ultra violet (UV) radiation from the sun • Protects meteoroids from hitting Earth 4. What is the atmosphere made of? • 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • 1% all others – – – – Argon (.9%) Carbon dioxide (.04%) Water vapor Aerosols (dust, soot, ash, smoke, sea salt) Nitrogen (N2) – 78% N2 – bacteria – (muscle) plants – animals – proteins N2 can’t be used directly by humans. Bacteria “fix it” so it can be used by plants and animals in the nitrogen cycle. Oxygen (O2) – 21% • Oxygen (O2) – Used by animals for respiration – Released by plants as waste from cells – Reacts with UV radiation to become ozone (O3) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – Released by animals as waste from cells, used by plants for photosynthesis – Major greenhouse gas* = traps heat to warm the Earth - Also a pollutant from the burning of fossil fuels that causes excess global warming Carbon/Oxygen Cycle Water Vapor (H2O) – Gas form of water affects condensation of clouds and weather events (rain, snow) – Part of the water cycle Water Cycle Aerosols – Particles of dust, smoke, soot, sea salt – Blocks some incoming radiation from the sun, decreasing the temperature of Earth – Needed for condensation of water into rain or snow (vapor must condense into a liquid onto a solid particle like dust) Brainstorm: Think, pair, share • Where do aerosols come from? Summary • Which gases are consumed by organisms? • Which gases affect climate and weather? • Which gases are easily changed by human activities? HW: Where did the atmosphere come from? • Submit a short, typed summary paragraph or 2 that describes how the original atmosphere formed, where oxygen originated from, and according to the ESRT, when did the oceanic oxygen start entering the atmosphere?