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Earth Science Vocabulary First Nine Weeks Unit 2 - Meteorology / Atmosphere - Key Part I: Define the following terms 1 1. cyanobacteria - blue green algae; a simple photosynthetic life form that helped introduce oxygen into Earth’s ancient atmosphere 2. ozone - gas in Earth’s atmosphere formed when three atoms of oxygen combine, absorbs ultraviolet radiation 3. wind - movement of air from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure 4. atmosphere - the blanket of air (mixture of gases) surrounding the earth 5. clouds - fog, mist, or haze that forms at high altitudes 6. saturation value - the temperature at which the relative humidity is 100%, the air is saturated, and condensation occurs 7. nitrogen - the gas that makes up 78% of Earth's atmosphere 8. fronts - weather term for boundary between different air masses 9. air mass - a body of air that has the same properties as the region over which it develops 10. photosynthesis - the process that plants use to make food, using light, energy, carbon dioxide, and water 11. isobar - line on a weather map that connects locations with the same air pressure 12. carbon dioxide - CO2; a gas that is naturally found in the air, also comes from burning wood, from running vehicles on gasoline, and from exhaling 13. isotherms - lines drawn to connect points of equal temperature 14. relative humidity - the actual amount of water vapor in the air compared to the greatest amount the air can hold 15. convection - transfer of heat energy in a fluid (gas or liquid) by means of currents 16. troposphere - the layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth’s surface 17. greenhouse effect - process in which carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from the sun, forming a “heat blanket” around Earth 18. water vapor - the gaseous state of H2O 19. humidity - the amount of water vapor in the air 20. oxygen - the gas that makes up 21% of Earth's atmosphere 2