Download Taxonomy - Grayslake Central High School

Linnaean Taxonomy
 Carolus Linnaeus organized
plants and animals into 7
hierarchical categories.
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
Homo sapiens
Linnaean Taxonomy
 Scientific (species) name
 Genus + epithet
 Written in Latin
 Dead, but universal
scholarly language
 Italicized or underlined
 Ex: Canis familiaris
Mycobacterium leprae
Archaea





Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Cell walls of various materials
Heterotrophic and autotrophic
Mostly extreme habitats
Bacteria




Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Cell walls of peptidoglycan
Heterotrophic and autotrophic
Endosymbiotic Theory
 Lynn Margulis (1960’s)
 Ancestors of mitochondria and
chloroplasts were engulfed by
eukaryotic cells.
 Evidence – m&c…
 Have double membranes
 Have their own DNA
 Reproduce on their own
 Have their own ribosomes
Protista
 All eukaryotes not defined as plants,
fungi, or animals
 Algae and protozoans
Protista
Fungi




Eukaryotic
Uni- and multicellular
Cell walls of chitin
Heterotrophic
Fungi
Fungi
Spread by growth…
…and spore dispersal
Asexual Reproduction
Fungi
Plantae
 Eukaryotic
 Multicellular
 Cellulose walls
 Autotrophic
Animalia

Eukaryotic
 Multicellular
 No cell walls
 Heterotrophic
Systematics
“Our classifications will come to be
genealogies”
Using…
Morphology, embryology,
paleontology, biochemistry
Phylogenetic Tree
Which of these trees depicts a different
phylogeny from the other two?
1
2
3
Phylogenetic Tree - Tetrapods
 Groups - Amphibians, Birds, Mammals, Reptiles
 Primitive Characteristics
 Vertebrae, four limbs, heterotrophy, bilateral symmetry
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Other Tetrapods
Mammals
Feathers
Fur
Endothermy
Amniotic Egg
Ancestral Tetrapod
Phylogenetic Tree - Domains
(Carl Woese, U of Illinois)
 Three domains of living things
 Reorganization:
Bacteria
Archaea
Prokaryotes
Progenote
Archaea more similar to Eukarya
based on molecular data
Eukarya
Protista, Fungi
Plantae, Animalia
Membrane
Eukaryotesand
ribosome structure